Salminen Simo, Kivimäki Mika, Elovainio Marko, Vahtera Jussi
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Safety, Helsinki, Finland.
Am J Ind Med. 2003 Jul;44(1):32-6. doi: 10.1002/ajim.10235.
Stress at work has long been recognized as a factor in increasing risk for mental and physical health problems. The extent to which work stressors and stress predicted injuries occur in a large population of Finnish hospital workers was studied.
A total of 5,111 employees (624 men, 4,487 women) from 10 hospitals participated in this study. Their psychological distress was measured by the General Health Questionnaire, and overload and job control by the Harris scale and the Job Content Questionnaire, respectively. Injuries certified by a physician were followed up for 3 years: injuries in 1997 (n = 213) were used as a measure of baseline and injuries in 1998-1999 (n = 443) were the dependent variables.
Psychological distress was not significantly related to injuries. However, low decision latitude (risk ratio = 1.27 (1.04 to 1.54)), low skill discretion only for men (risk ratio = 2.76 (1.78 to 4.30)), and highly monotonous work (risk ratio = 1.26 (1.02 to 1.55)) were stressors predicting injuries. In addition, workers with numerous problems in interpersonal relationships (risk ratio = 1.43 (1.18 to 1.73)) or many conflicts in collaboration at work (risk ratio = 1.40 (1.15 to 1.71)) were more often involved in injuries.
This study showed that stressors related to autonomy of work and interpersonal relationship at workplace are predictors of injuries in hospital settings. These factors are potentially amenable to organizational interventions.
工作压力长期以来一直被认为是增加身心健康问题风险的一个因素。本研究探讨了工作压力源和压力在多大程度上会导致芬兰大量医院工作人员受伤。
来自10家医院的5111名员工（624名男性，4487名女性）参与了本研究。他们的心理困扰通过一般健康问卷进行测量，工作负荷和工作控制分别通过哈里斯量表和工作内容问卷进行测量。由医生认证的伤害情况随访3年：1997年的伤害（n = 213）用作基线测量，1998 - 1999年的伤害（n = 443）为因变量。
心理困扰与受伤之间无显著关联。然而，低决策自由度（风险比 = 1.27（1.04至1.54））、仅男性的低技能自主权（风险比 = 2.76（1.78至4.30））以及高度单调的工作（风险比 = 1.26（1.02至1.55））是预测受伤的压力源。此外，人际关系问题较多的员工（风险比 = 1.43（1.18至1.73））或工作中协作冲突较多的员工（风险比 = 1.40（1.15至1.71））更常受伤。
本研究表明，与工作自主性和工作场所人际关系相关的压力源是医院环境中受伤的预测因素。这些因素可能适合进行组织干预。
