De Pippo Tommaso, Donadio Carlo, Guida Marco, Petrosino Carmela
Earth Science Department, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2006 May;13(3):184-91. doi: 10.1065/espr2005.08.287.
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE: Analysis of the morphological, geological and environmental characteristics of the Sarno River basin has shown the present degraded condition of the area. Over the past thirty years, the supply of untreated effluent of domestic, agricultural and industrial origin has ensured the presence of high concentrations of pollutants, including heavy metals. The geological context of the catchment area has played a major part in determining the current ecological conditions and public health problems: while human activity has modified the landscape, the natural order has indirectly contributed to increasing the environmental impact.
The health situation is precarious as the basin's inhabitants feed on agricultural and animal products, and use polluted water directly or indirectly. The hazard of contracting degenerative illnesses of the digestive or respiratory apparatus, bacterial infections or some neoplasia has gradually increased, especially in the last five years. Moreover, polluted basin waters flowing into the Bay of Naples increase sea water contamination, thereby damaging tourism, public health and degrading the local littoral quality.
The overview presented shows how the environmental state of the Sarno River basin gives considerable cause for concern. The basin's complex geomorphologic setting has a direct bearing on local environmental and health conditions. The analysis of the available data demonstrates how the physical aspects of the area are closely linked to the diffusion and concentration of the pollutants, and how the latter ones have a large influence on the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the local population.
Specific interventions need to be undertaken to monitor and improve the chemical, physical and microbiological conditions of water and sediments, especially in light of the geomorphological vulnerability of the river basin.
背景、目的与范围：对萨诺河流域的形态、地质和环境特征分析表明，该地区目前处于退化状态。在过去三十年里，未经处理的生活、农业和工业污水排放导致该地区存在高浓度污染物，包括重金属。集水区的地质背景在决定当前生态状况和公共卫生问题方面起了主要作用：人类活动改变了地貌，而自然因素则间接加剧了环境影响。
由于该流域居民以农产品和畜产品为食，并直接或间接使用受污染的水，健康状况岌岌可危。患消化或呼吸器官退行性疾病、细菌感染或某些肿瘤的风险逐渐增加，尤其是在过去五年。此外，流入那不勒斯湾的受污染河水加剧了海水污染，从而损害了旅游业、公共卫生，并降低了当地沿海地区的质量。
上述概述表明，萨诺河流域的环境状况令人深感担忧。该流域复杂的地貌环境直接影响当地的环境和健康状况。对现有数据的分析表明，该地区的自然条件与污染物的扩散和浓度密切相关，而污染物对当地居民的卫生条件有很大影响。
需要采取具体干预措施，监测并改善水和沉积物的化学、物理和微生物状况，特别是考虑到该流域的地貌脆弱性。
