Okuyemi Kolawole S, Powell Joshua N, Savage Cary R, Hall Sandra B, Nollen Nicole, Holsen Laura M, McClernon F Joseph, Ahluwalia Jasjit S
Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Family Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA.
Addict Biol. 2006 Mar;11(1):97-106. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2006.00007.x.
Current evidence indicates that, although African Americans (AA) are more likely to attempt to quit smoking than Caucasians (CC) in any given year, success rates are lower for AA. However, factors contributing to these differences are not well known. In order to explore potential factors, this study assessed differences in attention to smoking cues between ethnic groups. Participants underwent morning functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning while viewing images of AA models and CC models who were either smoking (smoking cues) or engaging in everyday activities (neutral cues), interspersed with a fixation baseline period. The study was conducted at the Hoglund Brain Imaging Center of the University of Kansas Medical Center in Kansas City, KS. We studied 17 smokers (eight AA, nine CC) after 12-hour abstinence and 17 non-smokers (eight AA, nine CC) matched by age, gender, years of education, and handedness. The AA and CC smoking groups were also matched for number of cigarettes smoked per day. All results are P < 0.01, corrected for whole brain. There was a strong ethnicity by condition interaction among smokers in several a priori regions of interest. AA smokers showed a greater increase in response to smoking (versus neutral cues) than CC smokers in the medial prefrontal cortex, right lateral orbitofrontal cortex, and bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. In smoking versus baseline contrasts, additional areas of greater activation were found in AA, including the right amygdala and left caudate nucleus. No significant differences in cue-elicited brain activation were found between AA and CC non-smokers. These preliminary findings demonstrate variation in brain activation in response to smoking cues between AA and CC smokers in structures known to be associated with nicotine addiction. Differences in neural response may reflect fundamental differences in attention to smoking cues, which may in turn contribute to differences in effectiveness of nicotine dependence treatments among ethnic populations.
目前的证据表明，尽管在任何特定年份，非裔美国人（AA）比白种人（CC）更有可能尝试戒烟，但AA的成功率较低。然而，导致这些差异的因素尚不清楚。为了探索潜在因素，本研究评估了不同种族群体对吸烟线索的关注度差异。参与者在上午接受功能磁共振成像扫描，同时观看吸烟（吸烟线索）或进行日常活动（中性线索）的AA模型和CC模型的图像，并穿插固定基线期。该研究在堪萨斯州堪萨斯城的堪萨斯大学医学中心霍格伦德脑成像中心进行。我们研究了17名吸烟者（8名AA，9名CC），他们在戒烟12小时后参与研究，以及17名非吸烟者（8名AA，9名CC），这些非吸烟者在年龄、性别、受教育年限和利手方面与吸烟者相匹配。AA和CC吸烟组的每日吸烟量也相匹配。所有结果经全脑校正后P<0.01。在几个先验感兴趣区域，吸烟者中存在强烈的种族与条件交互作用。在内侧前额叶皮层、右侧眶额皮层和双侧腹外侧前额叶皮层，AA吸烟者对吸烟（相对于中性线索）的反应比CC吸烟者有更大的增加。在吸烟与基线对比中，在AA中发现了更多激活的额外区域，包括右侧杏仁核和左侧尾状核。AA和CC非吸烟者在线索引发的大脑激活方面没有显著差异。这些初步发现表明，AA和CC吸烟者在已知与尼古丁成瘾相关的结构中，对吸烟线索的大脑激活存在差异。神经反应的差异可能反映了对吸烟线索关注度的根本差异，这反过来可能导致不同种族人群中尼古丁依赖治疗效果的差异。
