Zedler B K, Kinser R, Oey J, Nelson B, Roethig H-J, Walk R A, Kuhl P, Rustemeier K, Schepers G, Von Holt K, Tricker A R
Philip Morris USA, Richmond, VA 23261, USA.
Biomarkers. 2006 May-Jun;11(3):201-20. doi: 10.1080/13547500600576260.
The paper reports levels of 24-h urine nicotine and five of its major metabolites (expressed as nicotine-equivalents) and blood carboxyhaemoglobin as biomarkers of exposure to particulate- and gas-phase cigarette smoke, respectively, from an exploratory pilot study of adult smokers of 3.0-6.9 mg tar delivery (Federal Trade Commission (FTC) method) cigarettes. On multiple occasions over 6 weeks, blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and 24-h urine 8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha (8-epi-PGF2alpha) and 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (11-dehydro-TxB2) were also evaluated as biomarkers of potential harm. All the biomarkers examined, except for LDL-cholesterol, discriminated with high sensitivity and specificity between adult smokers and non-smokers overall. Except for HDL-cholesterol, all biomarker medians were greater in adult smokers than in non-smokers: urine nicotine-equivalents 64.514 versus < 0.034 nmol mg-1 creatinine (p<0.001), carboxyhaemoglobin 4.0 versus 0.4% saturation (p<0.001), hs-CRP 0.27 versus 0.12 mg dl-1 (p=0.05), fibrinogen 292 versus 248 mg dl-1 (p<0.001), HDL-cholesterol 46 versus 53 mg dl-1 (p=0.003), LDL-cholesterol 119 versus 109 mg dl-1 (p=0.18), urine 8-epi-PGF2alpha 1935 versus 1034 pg mg-1 creatinine (p<0.001) and urine 11-dehydro-TxB2 973 versus 710 pg mg-1 creatinine (p<0.001). All the biomarkers of exposure and most of the biomarkers of potential harm showed no time of sampling (by visit week) effect.
该论文报告了24小时尿中尼古丁及其五种主要代谢物（以尼古丁当量表示）的水平，以及血液中碳氧血红蛋白的水平，分别作为接触颗粒相和气相香烟烟雾的生物标志物，这些数据来自一项针对焦油输送量为3.0 - 6.9毫克（联邦贸易委员会（FTC）方法）香烟的成年吸烟者的探索性试点研究。在6周内的多个时间点，还评估了血液高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、纤维蛋白原、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，以及24小时尿中8-表前列腺素F2α（8-epi-PGF2α）和11-脱氢血栓素B2（11-dehydro-TxB2）作为潜在危害的生物标志物。除低密度脂蛋白胆固醇外，所有检测的生物标志物在成年吸烟者和非吸烟者之间总体上具有高敏感性和特异性的区分能力。除高密度脂蛋白胆固醇外，所有生物标志物的中位数在成年吸烟者中均高于非吸烟者：尿尼古丁当量为64.514对<0.034纳摩尔毫克-1肌酐（p<0.001），碳氧血红蛋白饱和度为4.0对0.4%（p<0.001），hs-CRP为0.27对0.12毫克分升-1（p = 0.05），纤维蛋白原为292对248毫克分升-1（p<0.001），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为46对53毫克分升-1（p = 0.003），低密度脂蛋白胆固醇为119对109毫克分升-1（p = 0.18），尿8-epi-PGF2α为1935对1034皮克毫克-1肌酐（p<0.001），尿11-脱氢-TxB2为973对710皮克毫克-1肌酐（p<0.001）。所有接触生物标志物和大多数潜在危害生物标志物均未显示采样时间（按访视周）效应。
