Krecek Rosina C, Waller Peter J
Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts, West Indies.
Vet Parasitol. 2006 Jul 31;139(4):270-82. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.04.018. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
The virtual reliance on anthelmintic drugs alone to control internal parasites of livestock is inappropriate and ultimately unsustainable. In the tropics and subtropics, widespread and high levels of anthelmintic resistance, particularly in nematode parasites of small ruminants, is rife. But more to the point, many farmers in these regions of the world are resource poor and cannot afford, or are reluctant to purchase drugs that may also be of dubious quality. As it is with any intervention, the benefits must outweigh the costs. This is not only in terms of conventional parameters such as reduced mortality and increasing productivity (meat, milk, fibre and traction power) of livestock, but also within the broad framework of helminths of veterinary/human importance, the aim should be a positive impact on reducing the threat of helminth zoonoses. However, understanding the issues involved and education of the end-users (farmers) is of fundamental importance, before any internal parasite control program should be promoted. Within the above context, we provide examples of how the "basket of options" approach could be adopted for the control of three quite disparate helminth problems in the tropics and subtropics, viz.: strongyle nematode infections of donkeys, the Taenia solium cysticercosis/taeniosis problem of pig and man and Haemonchus contortus infections in small ruminants. The "best practice" approaches can be defined as those "basket of options" that are practical, affordable, available and appropriate, whether to the commercial producer, or to the resource-poor farmer. Constraints that may restrict applying such options are accessibility to, and affordability of, suitable remedies and above all, the availability of information needed to make informed decisions in this regard.
单纯依靠驱虫药物来控制家畜体内寄生虫是不合适的，最终也是不可持续的。在热带和亚热带地区，驱虫抗性广泛且程度很高，尤其是在小型反刍动物的线虫寄生虫中。但更关键的是，世界这些地区的许多农民资源匮乏，买不起或不愿购买质量可能也存疑的药物。与任何干预措施一样，收益必须超过成本。这不仅体现在常规参数方面，如降低死亡率和提高家畜的生产力（肉、奶、纤维和牵引力），而且在兽医/对人类重要的蠕虫这一广泛框架内，目标应该是对减少蠕虫人畜共患病的威胁产生积极影响。然而，在推广任何体内寄生虫控制计划之前，了解相关问题并对最终用户（农民）进行教育至关重要。在上述背景下，我们提供了一些例子，说明如何采用“综合方案”方法来控制热带和亚热带地区三个截然不同的蠕虫问题，即：驴的圆线虫感染、猪和人的猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病/绦虫病问题以及小型反刍动物的捻转血矛线虫感染。“最佳实践”方法可以定义为那些对商业生产者或资源匮乏的农民来说实用、可承受、可获得且合适的“综合方案”。可能限制应用这些方案的制约因素包括能否获得合适的治疗方法以及是否负担得起，最重要的是，在这方面做出明智决策所需信息的可获得性。
