Waller P J
SWEPAR, National Veterinary Institute, SE 751 89 Uppsala, Sweden.
Vet Parasitol. 2006 Jun 30;139(1-3):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.02.036. Epub 2006 May 3.
Despite the extraordinary success in the development of anthelmintics in the latter part of the last century, helminth parasites of domestic ruminants continue to pose the greatest infectious disease problem in grazing livestock systems worldwide. Newly emerged threats to continuing successful livestock production, particularly with small ruminants, are the failure of this chemotherapeutic arsenal due to the widespread development of anthelmintic resistance at a time when the likelihood of new products becoming commercially available seems more remote. Changing public attitudes with regards to animal welfare, food preferences and safety will also significantly impact on the ways in which livestock are managed and their parasites are controlled. Superimposed on this are changes in livestock demographics internationally, in response to evolving trade policies and demands for livestock products. In addition, is the apparently ever-diminishing numbers of veterinary parasitology researchers in both the public and private sectors. Industries, whether being the livestock industries, the public research industries, or the pharmaceutical industries that provide animal health products, must adapt to these changes. In the context of helminth control in ruminant livestock, the mind-set of 'suppression' needs to be replaced by 'management' of parasites to maintain long-term profitable livestock production. Existing effective chemical groups need to be carefully husbanded and non-chemotherapeutic methods of parasite control need to be further researched and adopted, if and when, they become commercially available. This will require veterinary parasitology researchers from both the public and private sectors to work in close co-operation to ensure 'sustainability' - not only of the livestock industries that they service - but also for their very own activities and enterprises.
尽管在上个世纪后期驱虫药的研发取得了巨大成功，但家养反刍动物的蠕虫寄生虫仍然是全球放牧家畜系统中最严重的传染病问题。持续成功进行家畜生产面临的新威胁，尤其是小反刍动物，是由于驱虫抗性广泛出现，导致这一化疗手段失效，而此时新产品上市的可能性似乎更加渺茫。公众对动物福利、食物偏好和安全的态度转变，也将对家畜管理方式及其寄生虫控制方法产生重大影响。此外，为响应不断演变的贸易政策和对畜产品的需求，国际家畜种群结构也在发生变化。另外，公共和私营部门兽医寄生虫学研究人员的数量明显不断减少。无论是家畜行业、公共研究行业还是提供动物保健产品的制药行业，都必须适应这些变化。在反刍动物蠕虫控制方面，需要用寄生虫“管理”思维取代“抑制”思维，以维持长期盈利的家畜生产。如果现有有效的化学类别能得到妥善管理，并且非化疗寄生虫控制方法一旦上市就能得到进一步研究和采用，这将需要公共和私营部门的兽医寄生虫学研究人员密切合作，以确保“可持续性”——不仅是他们所服务的家畜行业的可持续性，也是他们自身活动和企业的可持续性。
