Balogun Fatai Oladunni, Ajao Abdulwakeel Ayokun-Nun, Sabiu Saheed
Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Steve-Biko Campus, Durban, 4001, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Heliyon. 2023 Sep 15;9(9):e20228. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20228. eCollection 2023 Sep.
has found its indigenous relevance in the management of diseases including but not limited to diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, fever, ulcers, pain, worm manifestation, pneumonia, skin ailments, infectious diseases, sickle cell anaemia, hence, a review of its indigenous knowledge, ethnopharmacological and nutritional benefits was undertaken. Information used for the review was sourced from popular scientific databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, BioMed Central, JSTOR, African Plant, Global Biodiversity Information and others), conference proceedings, dissertations or theses, chapters in books, edited books, and journal collections. The materials obtained from 121 scientific documents targeting majorly between 1994 and 2023 established the presence of major secondary metabolites (such as polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, etc.), minerals (e.g., sodium, potassium, phosphorus, selenium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), vitamins (beta-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid, etc.), and nutrients (crude protein, moisture, dry matter, ether, carbohydrates, and energy). Literature also lent credence to the preliminary safety profiles of the plant and its pharmacological potentials as analgesic, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antimelanogenesis, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antisickling, cardiotoxic, cytotoxic, and neuroprotective agents. While the review is majorly limited to Africa particularly western countries (such as Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Mali, Ghana, Togo, and Benin) and the plant is found to be largely underutilized, it is evident that limited information exists on the pharmacological evaluation, bioactive compounds identification, and there is a lack of preclinical and clinical trials for possible drug development. Based on the aforementioned, it is hoped that further research studies geared toward providing insights into the established grey areas (such as traditional use investigation, targeted or assay-guided compounds identification, and preclinical and clinical studies) are necessary in order to fully explore the therapeutic, nutritional, and economic benefits of the plant.
已发现其在包括但不限于糖尿病、结核病、发热、溃疡、疼痛、蠕虫表现、肺炎、皮肤病、传染病、镰状细胞贫血等疾病的管理中具有本土相关性，因此，对其本土知识、民族药理学和营养益处进行了综述。用于综述的信息来自流行的科学数据库（谷歌学术、PubMed、科学Direct、科学网、生物医学中心、JSTOR、非洲植物、全球生物多样性信息等）、会议论文集、学位论文或毕业论文、书籍章节、编辑书籍和期刊合集。从121份主要针对1994年至2023年的科学文献中获得的材料证实了主要次生代谢物（如多酚、黄酮类化合物、皂苷、生物碱等）、矿物质（如钠、钾、磷、硒、钙、镁等）、维生素（β-胡萝卜素、硫胺素、核黄素、烟酸、抗坏血酸等）和营养素（粗蛋白、水分、干物质、乙醚、碳水化合物和能量）的存在。文献也证实了该植物的初步安全性概况及其作为镇痛、抗伤害感受、抗氧化、抗糖尿病、止泻、驱虫、抗炎、抗黑素生成、抗菌、抗疟、抗镰状化、心脏毒性、细胞毒性和神经保护剂的药理潜力。虽然该综述主要限于非洲特别是西方国家（如尼日利亚、布基纳法索、马里、加纳、多哥和贝宁），且发现该植物在很大程度上未得到充分利用，但显然关于其药理评价、生物活性化合物鉴定的信息有限，并且缺乏用于可能的药物开发的临床前和临床试验。基于上述情况，希望进行进一步的研究，以深入了解已确定的灰色领域（如传统用途调查、靶向或分析指导的化合物鉴定以及临床前和临床研究），以便充分探索该植物的治疗、营养和经济效益。
