Mallet James
Galton Laboratory, Department of Biology, University College London, 4 Stephenson Way, London, UK, NW1 2HE.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2006 Jul;21(7):386-93. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.05.004. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
Studies of hybrid inviability, sterility and 'speciation genes' in Drosophila have given insight into the genetic changes that result in reproductive isolation. Here, I survey some extraordinary and important advances in Drosophila speciation research. However, 'reproductive isolation' is not the same as 'speciation', and this Drosophila work has resulted in a lopsided view of speciation. In particular, Drosophila are not always well-suited to investigating ecological and other selection-driven primary causes of speciation in nature. Recent advances have made use of far less tractable, but more charismatic organisms, such as flowering plants, vertebrates and larger insects. Work with these organisms has complemented Drosophila studies of hybrid unfitness to provide a more complete understanding of speciation.
对果蝇杂交不育、不育性和“物种形成基因”的研究，让我们深入了解了导致生殖隔离的基因变化。在此，我概述了果蝇物种形成研究中一些非凡且重要的进展。然而，“生殖隔离”与“物种形成”并不相同，果蝇研究导致了对物种形成的片面看法。特别是，果蝇并不总是适合用于研究自然界中生态和其他选择驱动的物种形成的主要原因。最近的进展利用了较难处理但更具魅力的生物，如开花植物、脊椎动物和大型昆虫。对这些生物的研究补充了果蝇杂交不适应性的研究，以更全面地理解物种形成。
