Russo Riccardo, Whittuck Dora, Roberson Debi, Dutton Kevin, Georgiou George, Fox Elaine
Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Memory. 2006 May;14(4):393-9. doi: 10.1080/09658210500343166.
The status of mood-congruent free recall bias in anxious individuals was evaluated following incidental encoding of target words. Individuals with high and low levels of trait anxiety completed a modified Stroop task, which revealed an attentional bias for threat-related stimuli in anxious individuals. This group was significantly slower in naming the colour in which threat-related words were displayed compared to neutral words. In a subsequent free recall test for the words used in the modified Stroop task, anxious individuals recalled more threat-related words compared to low-anxious people. This difference was significant even when controlling for the false recall of items that had not been presented during study. These results support the view put forward by Russo, Fox, Bellinger, and Nguyen-Van-Tam (2001) that mood-congruent free recall bias in anxious individuals can be observed if the target material is encoded at a relatively shallow level. Moreover, contrary to Dowens and Calvo (2003), the current results show that the memory advantage for threat-related information in anxious individuals is not a consequence of response bias.
在对目标词进行 incidental 编码后，评估了焦虑个体中情绪一致性自由回忆偏差的状况。特质焦虑水平高和低的个体完成了一项改良的 Stroop 任务，该任务揭示了焦虑个体对威胁相关刺激的注意偏差。与中性词相比，该组在命名显示威胁相关词的颜色时明显更慢。在随后对改良 Stroop 任务中使用的单词进行的自由回忆测试中，与低焦虑人群相比，焦虑个体回忆起更多与威胁相关的单词。即使在控制了研究期间未呈现项目的错误回忆时，这种差异仍然显著。这些结果支持了 Russo、Fox、Bellinger 和 Nguyen-Van-Tam（2001 年）提出的观点，即如果目标材料在相对较浅的水平上进行编码，那么在焦虑个体中可以观察到情绪一致性自由回忆偏差。此外，与 Dowens 和 Calvo（2003 年）相反，当前结果表明，焦虑个体中对威胁相关信息的记忆优势不是反应偏差的结果。
