Lavender A P, Nosaka K
Exercise and Sports Science, Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Jul;97(5):619-26. doi: 10.1007/s00421-006-0224-7. Epub 2006 Jun 10.
A bout of eccentric exercise confers protection against subsequent bouts of the same exercise. This study investigated whether the protective effect would be produced similarly between old and young adults. Eight old men (70.5 +/- 4.1 years) and ten young men (20.4 +/- 2.0 years) performed two bouts of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors (six sets of five eccentric actions) separated by 4 weeks. Changes in maximal isometric strength, range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference (CIR), plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, myoglobin (Mb) concentration, and muscle soreness (SOR) before, immediately after, and 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h following exercise were compared between bouts, and between groups by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Changes in the measures following the first bout were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller for the old than the young group. The young group showed significantly (P < 0.05) smaller changes in all measures following the second bout than the first bout; however, the old group had the protective effect only for ROM, Mb, and SOR. The magnitude of the effect observed for ROM and Mb concentration in the old group was significantly (P < 0.05) smaller compared with that of the young group. These results suggest that the protective effect conferred by the first bout was less for the old than the young group. This may be due to the less muscle damage after the first bout in the old subjects, but it is also possible that the protective effect of old adults does not last as long as that of young adults.
一次离心运动可为后续相同运动提供保护。本研究调查了老年人和年轻人之间产生这种保护作用的方式是否相似。八名老年男性（70.5±4.1岁）和十名年轻男性（20.4±2.0岁）进行了两组肘部屈肌的离心运动（六组，每组五次离心动作），两组运动间隔4周。通过双向重复测量方差分析，比较了两组在运动前、运动后即刻以及运动后1、24、48、72和96小时时，最大等长肌力、关节活动范围（ROM）、上臂围（CIR）、血浆肌酸激酶（CK）活性、肌红蛋白（Mb）浓度和肌肉酸痛（SOR）在两次运动之间以及两组之间的变化。老年组在第一次运动后各项指标的变化显著（P<0.05）小于年轻组。年轻组在第二次运动后所有指标的变化显著（P<0.05）小于第一次运动；然而，老年组仅在ROM、Mb和SOR方面有保护作用。与年轻组相比，老年组在ROM和Mb浓度方面观察到的保护作用幅度显著（P<0.05）较小。这些结果表明，第一次运动赋予的保护作用在老年组中比在年轻组中要小。这可能是由于老年受试者在第一次运动后肌肉损伤较小，但也有可能是老年人的保护作用持续时间不如年轻人长。
