Bailey M M, Boohaker J G, Sawyer R D, Behling J E, Rasco J F, Jernigan J J, Hood R D, Vincent J B
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2006 Jun;77(3):244-9. doi: 10.1002/bdrb.20081.
Chromium(III) picolinate, [Cr(pic)(3)], is a widely marketed dietary supplement. However, Cr(pic)(3) has been associated with oxidative damage to DNA in rats and mutations and DNA fragmentation in cell cultures. In isolated case reports, Cr(pic)(3) supplementation has been said to cause adverse effects, such as anemia, renal failure, liver dysfunction, and neuronal impairment. To date, no studies have been published regarding the safety of chromium picolinate supplementation to a developing fetus, although Cr(pic)(3) has been recommended for pregnant women who are diagnosed with gestational diabetes.
From gestation days (GD) 6-17, pregnant CD-1 mice were fed diets containing either 200 mg/kg Cr(pic)(3), 200 mg/kg CrCl(3), 174 mg/kg picolinic acid, or the diet only to determine if Cr(pic)(3), CrCl(3), or picolinic acid could cause developmental toxicity. Dams were sacrificed on GD 17, and their litters were examined for adverse effects.
The incidence of bifurcated cervical arches was significantly increased in fetuses from the Cr(pic)(3) group as compared to the diet-only group. Fetuses in the picolinic acid-treated group had an incidence double that of the control group; however, this increase was not statistically significant. Fetuses in the CrCl(3) group did not differ from the controls in any variable examined. No maternal toxicity was observed in any of the treatment groups.
High maternal oral exposures to chromium picolinate can cause morphological defects in developing offspring of mice.
吡啶甲酸铬（[Cr(pic)(3)]）是一种广泛销售的膳食补充剂。然而，吡啶甲酸铬已被证明与大鼠的DNA氧化损伤以及细胞培养中的突变和DNA片段化有关。在个别病例报告中，服用吡啶甲酸铬据说会导致不良反应，如贫血、肾衰竭、肝功能障碍和神经损伤。尽管吡啶甲酸铬已被推荐给被诊断患有妊娠期糖尿病的孕妇，但迄今为止，尚未发表关于向发育中的胎儿补充吡啶甲酸铬安全性的研究。
从妊娠第6天至第17天，给怀孕的CD-1小鼠喂食含有200 mg/kg吡啶甲酸铬、200 mg/kg三氯化铬、174 mg/kg吡啶甲酸的饲料或仅喂食基础饲料，以确定吡啶甲酸铬、三氯化铬或吡啶甲酸是否会导致发育毒性。在妊娠第17天处死母鼠，并检查它们的幼崽是否有不良反应。
与仅喂食基础饲料的组相比，吡啶甲酸铬组胎儿分叉颈弓的发生率显著增加。吡啶甲酸处理组胎儿的发生率是对照组的两倍；然而，这种增加没有统计学意义。三氯化铬组胎儿在任何检查变量中与对照组均无差异。在任何治疗组中均未观察到母体毒性。
母体经口高剂量接触吡啶甲酸铬可导致小鼠发育后代出现形态缺陷。
