Lipp Ottmar V
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, QLD, Australia.
Emotion. 2006 May;6(2):296-308. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.296.
Previous research in visual search indicates that animal fear-relevant deviants, snakes/spiders, are found faster among non fear-relevant backgrounds, flowers/mushrooms, than vice versa. Moreover, deviant absence was indicated faster among snakes/spiders and detection time for flower/mushroom deviants, but not for snake/spider deviants, increased in larger arrays. The current research indicates that the latter 2 results do not reflect on fear-relevance, but are found only with flower/mushroom controls. These findings may reflect on factors such as background homogeneity, deviant homogeneity, or background-deviant similarity. The current research removes contradictions between previous studies that used animal and social fear-relevant stimuli and indicates that apparent search advantages for fear-relevant deviants seem likely to reflect on delayed attentional disengagement from fear-relevance on control trials.
先前关于视觉搜索的研究表明，与动物恐惧相关的异常刺激物，如蛇/蜘蛛，在与恐惧无关的背景（花朵/蘑菇）中比在相反情况下能更快被发现。此外，在蛇/蜘蛛中能更快发现异常刺激物的缺失，而对于花朵/蘑菇异常刺激物的检测时间，在更大的阵列中会增加，但蛇/蜘蛛异常刺激物的检测时间不会增加。当前的研究表明，后两个结果并不反映与恐惧的相关性，而是仅在花朵/蘑菇对照中出现。这些发现可能反映了诸如背景同质性、异常刺激物同质性或背景 - 异常刺激物相似性等因素。当前的研究消除了先前使用动物和与社会恐惧相关刺激的研究之间的矛盾，并表明与恐惧相关的异常刺激物明显的搜索优势似乎可能反映在对照试验中从与恐惧相关性上延迟的注意力脱离。
