Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
Developmental Disorders Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2018 Dec 11;8(1):17773. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-36108-6.
In humans, attentional biases have been shown to negative (dangerous animals, physical threat) and positive (high caloric food, alcohol) stimuli. However, it is not clear whether these attentional biases reflect on stimulus driven, bottom up, or goal driven, top down, attentional processes. Here we show that, like humans, Japanese macaques show an attentional bias to snakes in a dot probe task (Experiment 1). Moreover, this attentional bias reflects on bottom up driven, preferential engagement of attention by snake images (Experiment 2a), a finding that was replicated in a study that used the same methodology in humans (Experiment 2b). These results are consistent with the notion that attentional bias to snakes reflects on an evolutionarily old, stimulus driven threat detection mechanism which is found in both species.
在人类中，已经发现注意力偏向于消极（危险的动物、身体威胁）和积极（高热量食物、酒精）的刺激。然而，目前尚不清楚这些注意力偏向是反映了受刺激驱动的、自下而上的注意力过程，还是反映了目标驱动的、自上而下的注意力过程。在这里，我们表明，与人类一样，日本猕猴在点探测任务中表现出对蛇的注意力偏向（实验 1）。此外，这种注意力偏向反映了自下而上驱动的、对蛇图像的优先注意力参与（实验 2a），这一发现在一项使用相同方法在人类中进行的研究中得到了复制（实验 2b）。这些结果与注意力偏向于蛇反映了一种在进化上古老的、受刺激驱动的威胁检测机制的观点是一致的，这种机制在两种物种中都存在。
