Ratcliff Roger, Thapar Anjali, McKoon Gail
Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Psychol Aging. 2006 Jun;21(2):353-71. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.21.2.353.
Practice effects were examined in a masked letter discrimination task and a masked brightness discrimination task for college-age and 60- to 75-year-old subjects. The diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978) was fit to the response time and accuracy data and used to extract estimates of components of processing from the data. Relative to young subjects, the older subjects began the experiments with slower and less accurate performance; however, across sessions their accuracy improved because the quality of the information on which their decisions were based improved, and this, along with reduced decision criteria, led to shorter response times. For the brightness, but not the letter, discrimination task, the older subjects' performance matched that of the younger group by the end of 4 sessions, except that their nondecision components of processing were slightly slower. These analyses illustrate how a well-specified model can provide a unified view of multiple aspects of data that are often interpreted separately.
在一项针对大学生和60至75岁受试者的隐蔽字母辨别任务和隐蔽亮度辨别任务中，研究了练习效应。扩散模型（拉特克利夫，1978年）与反应时间和准确性数据相拟合，并用于从数据中提取处理成分的估计值。与年轻受试者相比，年长受试者在实验开始时表现较慢且准确性较低；然而，在整个实验过程中，他们的准确性提高了，因为他们做出决策所依据的信息质量提高了，这与降低的决策标准一起，导致了更短的反应时间。对于亮度辨别任务而非字母辨别任务，年长受试者在4个实验阶段结束时的表现与年轻组相当，只是他们处理的非决策成分略慢。这些分析说明了一个明确指定的模型如何能够对通常被单独解释的数据的多个方面提供统一的观点。
