Segota Suzana, Tezak Durdica
Department of Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science, Horvatovac 102a, P.O. Box 163, 10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2006 Sep 13;121(1-3):51-75. doi: 10.1016/j.cis.2006.01.002.
his review highlights the relevant issues of spontaneous formation of vesicles. Both the common characteristics and the differences between liposomes and vesicles are given. The basic concept of the molecular packing parameter as a precondition of vesicles formation is discussed in terms of geometrical factors, including the volume and critical length of the amphiphile hydrocarbon chain. According to theoretical considerations, the formation of vesicles occurs in the systems with packing parameters between 1/2 and 1. Using common as well as new methods of vesicle preparation, a variety of structures is described, and their nomenclature is given. With respect to sizes, shapes and inner structures, vesicles structures can be formed as a result of self-organisation of curved bilayers into unilamellar and multilamellar closed soft particles. Small, large and giant uni-, oligo-, or multilamellar vesicles can be distinguished. Techniques for determination of the structure and properties of vesicles are described as visual observations by optical and electron microscopy as well as the scattering techniques, notably dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray and neutron scattering. Some theoretical aspects are described in short, viz., the scattering and the inverse scattering problem, angular and time dependence of the scattering intensity, the principles of indirect Fourier transformation, and the determination of electron density of the system by deconvolution of p(r) function. Spontaneous formation of vesicles was mainly investigated in catanionic mixtures. A number of references are given in the review.
本综述重点介绍了囊泡自发形成的相关问题。文中给出了脂质体和囊泡的共同特征及差异。从几何因素（包括两亲性烃链的体积和临界长度）的角度讨论了分子堆积参数作为囊泡形成前提条件的基本概念。根据理论考量，囊泡在堆积参数介于1/2和1之间的体系中形成。利用常见的以及新的囊泡制备方法，描述了多种结构并给出了它们的命名。就尺寸、形状和内部结构而言，囊泡结构可通过弯曲双层膜自组装形成单层和多层封闭软颗粒。可区分出小、大及巨型的单、寡或多层囊泡。文中描述了用于确定囊泡结构和性质的技术，如通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜进行的目视观察以及散射技术，特别是动态光散射、小角X射线散射和中子散射。简要介绍了一些理论方面的内容，即散射和逆散射问题、散射强度的角度和时间依赖性、间接傅里叶变换原理以及通过对p(r)函数进行反卷积来确定体系的电子密度。囊泡的自发形成主要在阴-阳离子混合物中进行了研究。综述中给出了大量参考文献。
