Gyarmathy V Anna, Neaigus Alan, Ujhelyi Eszter, Szabó Tímea, Rácz József
National Development and Research Institutes, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006 Apr;82 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S65-9. doi: 10.1016/s0376-8716(06)80011-6.
Ethnographic interviews and focus groups were conducted between May 2003 and January 2004 among injection drug users (IDUs; n=29) in Budapest, Hungary, to assess knowledge related to HIV, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) and norms, attitudes, and behaviors. Participants perceived themselves at low risk for infection with HIV but at high risk for hepatitis through injection but not sexual exposure. They reported strong disclosure norms for HIV and hepatitis infections, while sexual and injection risk behaviors were influenced by trust about partners' self-report of infection status. Injection networks were small, with infrequent syringe sharing among a few close friends. Cookers and drug filters often were shared, and filters were reused as a backup drug supply. Most sexual relationships were monogamous, and condoms were used rarely. Although participant norms supported HIV/HBV/HCV testing, the lack of available behaviors with injection and sex partners who are close friends. Network interventions among IDUs in Hungary should build on disclosure norms and trust to reduce injection and sex risk. Testing services should be expanded and access increased so that IDUs can act on and reinforce their norms for testing.
2003年5月至2004年1月期间,在匈牙利布达佩斯对注射吸毒者(IDU;n = 29)进行了人种学访谈和焦点小组讨论,以评估与艾滋病毒、乙型肝炎(HBV)和丙型肝炎(HCV)相关的知识以及规范、态度和行为。参与者认为自己感染艾滋病毒的风险较低,但通过注射感染肝炎的风险较高,而非通过性接触感染。他们报告了关于艾滋病毒和肝炎感染的强烈披露规范,而性和注射风险行为受到对伴侣感染状况自我报告的信任的影响。注射网络规模较小,少数密友之间很少共用注射器。炊具和毒品过滤器经常共享,过滤器被重复用作备用毒品供应。大多数性关系是一夫一妻制,很少使用避孕套。尽管参与者规范支持艾滋病毒/乙肝病毒/丙肝病毒检测,但与亲密朋友的注射和性伴侣缺乏可行的行为。匈牙利针对注射吸毒者的网络干预措施应基于披露规范和信任,以降低注射和性风险。应扩大检测服务并增加可及性,以便注射吸毒者能够践行并强化他们的检测规范。