Lapointe Annie, Balk Ethan M, Lichtenstein Alice H
Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Nutr Rev. 2006 May;64(5 Pt 1):234-49. doi: 10.1301/nr.2006.may.234-249.
The relationship between type of dietary fat, cardiovascular disease risk, and lipid/lipoprotein profiles has been studied since the early 1900s. For the most part, observational data from international comparisons, migration studies, and prospective studies have identified a positive relationship between saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, although in the latter case these observations were attenuated and in some cases became non-significant after adjusting for other dietary factors. Data from large-scale primary and secondary intervention studies support a positive relationship between CHD and SFA. The majority of data available were derived from male subjects, and if female subjects were included, few studies assessed the effect of gender on responsiveness. Recent evidence has emerged suggesting that females respond differently to diet with respect to CHD progression. This review discusses controlled clinical intervention studies that included data for both genders and their responses to dietary fat perturbations and lipoprotein profiles. The scope was limited for the most part to reports that included identifiers in the title or abstract that indicated data for female and male subjects were reported separately, although a statistical comparison between the genders may not have been reported. Overall, whether the studies assessed the effect of the ratio of SFA to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), SFA to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), MUFA to PUFA, individual SFA, or SFA to trans fatty acids, female and male subjects responded similarly, and when differences were identified there was no consistent pattern.
自20世纪初以来，人们一直在研究膳食脂肪类型、心血管疾病风险以及脂质/脂蛋白谱之间的关系。在很大程度上，来自国际比较、移民研究和前瞻性研究的观察数据已经确定了饱和脂肪酸（SFA）摄入量与冠心病（CHD）风险之间存在正相关关系，尽管在后一种情况下，在调整其他饮食因素后，这些观察结果有所减弱，在某些情况下甚至变得不显著。来自大规模一级和二级干预研究的数据支持冠心病与SFA之间存在正相关关系。现有数据大多来自男性受试者，即使纳入了女性受试者，也很少有研究评估性别对反应性的影响。最近有证据表明，女性在冠心病进展方面对饮食的反应有所不同。本综述讨论了纳入了两性数据及其对膳食脂肪扰动和脂蛋白谱反应的对照临床干预研究。在很大程度上，范围仅限于标题或摘要中包含标识符的报告，这些标识符表明分别报告了女性和男性受试者的数据，尽管可能没有报告两性之间的统计比较。总体而言，无论研究评估的是SFA与单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）的比例、SFA与多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的比例、MUFA与PUFA的比例、单个SFA，还是SFA与反式脂肪酸的比例，女性和男性受试者的反应相似，当发现差异时，也没有一致的模式。
