Liu Xiaoran, Harding Scott V, Rideout Todd C
Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1700 W Van Buren, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022 May;24(5):391-398. doi: 10.1007/s11883-022-01014-w. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
Recent inconsistencies in nutrition research studies examining the influence of saturated fat (SFA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk have led to substantial scientific debate and increased public confusion. This review will summarize metabolic characteristics and food-based factors that underlie interindividual responsiveness to SFA consumption.
The magnitude of postprandial blood lipid responses to SFA intake is dependent on a number of individual factors including age, sex, and adiposity status. Further, the metabolic effects of SFA intake are influenced by the specific types of SFAs and the food matrix within which they are contained. Importantly, results from research examining the effects of SFA on CVD risk should be interpreted with consideration of the comparator nutrient (i.e., carbohydrate, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat). A more nuanced understanding of the multitude of factors mediating the influence of SFA on lipid metabolism and CVD risk might help resolve the current controversy and inform more precise personalized recommendations for future dietary guidelines.
近期关于饱和脂肪（SFA）对心血管疾病（CVD）风险影响的营养研究结果存在不一致，引发了大量科学争论，也让公众更加困惑。本综述将总结个体对SFA摄入反应差异背后的代谢特征和基于食物的因素。
餐后血脂对SFA摄入的反应程度取决于多个个体因素，包括年龄、性别和肥胖状况。此外，SFA摄入的代谢效应受SFA的具体类型及其所在食物基质的影响。重要的是，研究SFA对CVD风险影响的结果应结合对照营养素（即碳水化合物、单不饱和脂肪、多不饱和脂肪）来解读。对介导SFA对脂质代谢和CVD风险影响的众多因素有更细致入微的理解，可能有助于解决当前的争议，并为未来的饮食指南提供更精确的个性化建议。
