Magri Donatella, Vendramin Giovanni G, Comps Bernard, Dupanloup Isabelle, Geburek Thomas, Gömöry Dusan, Latałowa Małgorzata, Litt Thomas, Paule Ladislav, Roure Joan Maria, Tantau Ioan, van der Knaap W O, Petit Rémy J, de Beaulieu Jacques-Louis
Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università La Sapienza, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
New Phytol. 2006;171(1):199-221. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01740.x.
Here, palaeobotanical and genetic data for common beech (Fagus sylvatica) in Europe are used to evaluate the genetic consequences of long-term survival in refuge areas and postglacial spread. Four large datasets are presented, including over 400 fossil-pollen sites, 80 plant-macrofossil sites, and 450 and 600 modern beech populations for chloroplast and nuclear markers, respectively. The largely complementary palaeobotanical and genetic data indicate that: (i) beech survived the last glacial period in multiple refuge areas; (ii) the central European refugia were separated from the Mediterranean refugia; (iii) the Mediterranean refuges did not contribute to the colonization of central and northern Europe; (iv) some populations expanded considerably during the postglacial period, while others experienced only a limited expansion; (v) the mountain chains were not geographical barriers for beech but rather facilitated its diffusion; and (vi) the modern genetic diversity was shaped over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. This scenario differs from many recent treatments of tree phylogeography in Europe that largely focus on the last ice age and the postglacial period to interpret genetic structure and argue that the southern peninsulas (Iberian, Italian and Balkan) were the main source areas for trees in central and northern Europe.
在这里，欧洲常见山毛榉（欧洲水青冈）的古植物学和遗传数据被用于评估避难区域长期生存及冰期后扩散的遗传后果。文中呈现了四个大型数据集，分别包括400多个化石花粉位点、80个植物大化石位点，以及分别用于叶绿体和核标记的450个和600个现代山毛榉种群。古植物学和遗传数据在很大程度上相互补充，这表明：（i）山毛榉在多个避难区域度过了末次冰期；（ii）中欧避难所与地中海避难所相互隔离；（iii）地中海避难所对中欧和北欧的殖民化没有贡献；（iv）一些种群在冰期后显著扩张，而另一些种群仅经历了有限的扩张；（v）山脉对山毛榉而言并非地理障碍，反而促进了其扩散；（vi）现代遗传多样性是在多个冰期 - 间冰期循环中形成的。这种情况与欧洲近期许多关于树木系统地理学的研究不同，后者主要关注末次冰期和冰期后时期来解释遗传结构，并认为南部半岛（伊比利亚半岛、意大利半岛和巴尔干半岛）是中欧和北欧树木的主要来源地。
