Proia Nicole K, Paszkiewicz Geraldine M, Nasca Maureen A Sullivan, Franke Gail E, Pauly John L
Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Jun;15(6):1061-77. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0983.
Reported herein are the results of a structured literature review that was undertaken to (a) determine if human buccal (mouth) cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless ("chewing") tobacco, (b) tabulate different buccal cell alterations that have been reported, (c) delineate buccal cell assays that have been used successfully, (d) determine whether buccal cell changes correlate with oral cancer as defined in clinicopathologic investigations, and (e) assess the feasibility of developing a high-throughput buccal cell assay for screening smokers for the early detection of oral cancer. The results of the studies reported herein have established that diverse buccal cell changes are associated with smoking and smokeless tobacco. This review documents also that buccal cells have been collected in a noninvasive manner, and repetitively for serial studies, from different sites of the mouth (e.g., cheek, gum, and tongue) and from normal tissue, preneoplastic lesions (leukoplakia), and malignant tumors. Tobacco-associated genetic mutations and nongenetic changes have been reported; a partial listing includes (a) micronuclei, (b) bacterial adherence, (c) genetic mutations, (d) DNA polymorphisms, (d) carcinogen-DNA adducts, and (e) chromosomal abnormalities. Clinical studies have correlated buccal cell changes with malignant tumors, and some oral oncologists have reported that the buccal cell changes are practical biomarkers. Summarily, the literature has established that buccal cells are useful not only for characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying tobacco-associated oral cancers but also as exfoliative cells that express diverse changes that offer promise as candidate biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancer.
本文报道了一项结构化文献综述的结果，该综述旨在：(a) 确定人类颊（口腔）细胞变化是否与吸烟及无烟（“咀嚼”）烟草有关；(b) 汇总已报道的不同颊细胞改变；(c) 描述已成功应用的颊细胞检测方法；(d) 确定颊细胞变化是否与临床病理研究中定义的口腔癌相关；(e) 评估开发一种高通量颊细胞检测方法用于筛查吸烟者以早期发现口腔癌的可行性。本文报道的研究结果已证实，多种颊细胞变化与吸烟和无烟烟草有关。该综述还记录了颊细胞已通过非侵入性方式从口腔的不同部位（如脸颊、牙龈和舌头）以及正常组织、癌前病变（白斑）和恶性肿瘤中重复采集用于系列研究。已报道了与烟草相关的基因突变和非基因变化；部分列举如下：(a) 微核；(b) 细菌黏附；(c) 基因突变；(d) DNA多态性；(d) 致癌物-DNA加合物；(e) 染色体异常。临床研究已将颊细胞变化与恶性肿瘤相关联，一些口腔肿瘤学家报告称颊细胞变化是实用的生物标志物。总之，文献已证实颊细胞不仅有助于表征烟草相关口腔癌的分子机制，而且作为表达多种变化的脱落细胞，有望成为早期检测口腔癌的候选生物标志物。
