Hassan Sabreen, Sifat Ayesha, Munib Mohammad, Saeed Saleha, Nisa Waqar U, Durrani Sofia Haider, Rahim Abid, Ullah Naeem, Afaq Saima, Ali Khattak Farhad, Haq Zia Ul
Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat, Pakistan.
Oral Pathology Department, Saidu College of Dentistry, Saidu Sharif, Swat, Pakistan.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Dec 23;24(1):1541. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-05220-7.
Chronic tobacco use, in any form, induces significant cellular alterations in the oral mucosa. This study investigates four distinct cytomorphological changes in oral mucosal cells among smokeless tobacco users, examining their association across different genders and age groups.
This cross-sectional study involved collecting mucosal samples from smokeless tobacco (naswar/snuff) users through consecutive sampling. The prepared smears were examined for dysplastic changes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, with Chi-square tests and logistic regression employed to evaluate proportions and associations.
Among 100 Naswar/snuff users, the labial sulcus mucosa was the most common site affected (47%). The most frequent cytomorphological change was micronuclei (46%), followed by nuclear budding (25%), perinuclear halo (18%), and binucleated cells (14%). In the 51-60 age group, micronuclei (78.9%), nuclear budding (55.3%), binucleation (31.6%), and perinuclear halo (36.8%) were more prevalent (P < 0.005). Gender analysis revealed that micronuclei were more common in females (54.2%) compared to males (43.4%), while nuclear budding was more prevalent in males (27.6%) than females (P < 0.28). Logistic regression indicated that individuals aged 51-60 were more likely to exhibit micronuclei (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.22 to 5.83, P = 0.863) and nuclear budding (OR = 15.34, 95% CI: 9.23 to 30.75, P < 0.05).
The dysplastic changes observed included micronuclei, nuclear budding, binucleated cells, and perinuclear halo, with micronuclei being the most prevalent. These findings could facilitate the early diagnosis of oral lesions and their timely management in habitual smokeless tobacco users.
任何形式的长期烟草使用都会导致口腔黏膜发生显著的细胞改变。本研究调查了无烟烟草使用者口腔黏膜细胞中四种不同的细胞形态学变化，并研究了它们在不同性别和年龄组中的关联。
本横断面研究通过连续抽样收集无烟烟草（嚼烟/鼻烟）使用者的黏膜样本。对制备的涂片进行发育异常变化检查。使用SPSS进行数据分析，采用卡方检验和逻辑回归来评估比例和关联。
在100名嚼烟/鼻烟使用者中，唇沟黏膜是最常受影响的部位（47%）。最常见的细胞形态学变化是微核（46%），其次是核芽生（25%）、核周晕（18%）和双核细胞（14%）。在51 - 60岁年龄组中，微核（78.9%）、核芽生（55.3%）、双核化（31.6%）和核周晕（36.8%）更为普遍（P < 0.005）。性别分析显示，微核在女性（54.2%）中比男性（43.4%）更常见，而核芽生在男性（27.6%）中比女性更普遍（P < 0.28）。逻辑回归表明，51 - 60岁的个体更有可能出现微核（OR = 1.15，95% CI：0.22至5.83，P = 0.863）和核芽生（OR = 15.34，95% CI：9.23至30.75，P < 0.05）。
观察到的发育异常变化包括微核、核芽生、双核细胞和核周晕，其中微核最为普遍。这些发现有助于对习惯性无烟烟草使用者的口腔病变进行早期诊断和及时处理。
