Herth Felix J F, Eberhardt Ralf, Ernst Armin
Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Respiration. 2006;73(4):399-409. doi: 10.1159/000093369.
Bronchoscopy is a central technique in diagnosing lung cancer, but also in different therapeutic approaches. A lot of techniques are available. The most common indication for bronchoscopy is for tissue sampling and determining the extent of lung cancer. Established diagnostic techniques are forceps biopsy, aspiration or brush cytology sampling, or needle aspiration. Laser therapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy and stenting are well-described techniques for the palliation of symptoms due to airway involvement in patients with advanced stages. Newer technologies, with an established role in clinical practice, are endobronchial ultrasound, autofluorescence bronchoscopy, and electromagnetic navigation. Other technologies, such as magnification, narrow-band imaging and confocal fluorescence microendoscopy, are in development for the use within the airways.
支气管镜检查是诊断肺癌的核心技术，在不同的治疗方法中也起着重要作用。现有多种技术可供使用。支气管镜检查最常见的适应证是组织取样和确定肺癌的范围。既定的诊断技术包括钳取活检、穿刺抽吸或刷检细胞学取样，或针吸活检。激光治疗、电灼术、冷冻疗法和支架置入术是用于缓解晚期患者气道受累所致症状的常用技术。在临床实践中已确立作用的较新技术有支气管内超声、自发荧光支气管镜检查和电磁导航。其他技术，如放大内镜、窄带成像和共聚焦荧光显微内镜检查，正在研发用于气道内。
