芬兰3个月至3岁儿童维生素D摄入量与社会人口学因素的关系。

Intake of vitamin D by Finnish children aged 3 months to 3 years in relation to sociodemographic factors.

作者信息

Räsänen M, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Ahonen S, Uusitalo L, Kautiainen S, Erkkola M, Veijola R, Knip M, Kaila M, Virtanen S M

机构信息

Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Finland.

出版信息

Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov;60(11):1317-22. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602459. Epub 2006 Jun 14.

DOI:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602459

PMID:16775583

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To study the total daily intake of vitamin D from food and supplements among Finnish children aged 3 months to 3 years, the dietary sources of vitamin D and the association between vitamin D intake and sociodemographic factors.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

The subjects are participants in the Finnish Type I Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study born between October 1997 and October 1998. At the age of 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years, 342 (72% of the invited families), 298 (63%), 267 (56%), 233 (49%) and 209 (44%) families, respectively, participated in the present study. Food consumption was assessed by a 3-day food record. A structured questionnaire was used to record the parents' socioeconomic status.

RESULTS

The mean dietary vitamin D intake exceeded the recommendation (10 microg/day) at the age of 3 (11.0 microg) and 6 months (12.0 microg), but decreased thereafter being 9.8, 5.0 and 4.1 microg at 1, 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. Among the children 91, 91, 81, 42 and 26% used vitamin D supplements at the age of 3 and 6 months, and 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. In children not using vitamin D supplements, vitamin D intake was less than 10 microg/day at all ages. Vitamin D intake from food did not differ in children who used and did not use vitamin D supplements. Vitamin D supplements were the main source of vitamin D intake in all age groups studied, followed by vitamin D-fortified infant formula in 3-month-olds and infant formula and baby foods in 6-month-olds. After the age of 1 year, the most important food sources of vitamin D were margarine, fish, baby foods, low-fat milk and eggs. Sociodemographic factors, especially the number of children in the family and maternal age, were associated with the total vitamin D intake and vitamin D supplement use.

CONCLUSION

Vitamin D supplements are not used according to the dietary recommendations in a substantial proportion of Finnish children.

摘要

目的

研究芬兰3个月至3岁儿童从食物和补充剂中每日维生素D的总摄入量、维生素D的膳食来源以及维生素D摄入量与社会人口学因素之间的关联。

对象与方法

研究对象为1997年10月至1998年10月出生的芬兰I型糖尿病预测与预防营养研究的参与者。在3个月、6个月、1岁、2岁和3岁时，分别有342个（受邀家庭的72%）、298个（63%）、267个（56%）、233个（49%）和209个（44%）家庭参与了本研究。通过3天的食物记录评估食物摄入量。使用结构化问卷记录父母的社会经济状况。

结果

3岁（11.0微克）和6个月（12.0微克）时，膳食维生素D的平均摄入量超过了推荐量（10微克/天），但此后下降，1岁、2岁和3岁时分别为9.8微克、5.0微克和4.1微克。在儿童中，3个月、6个月、1岁、2岁和3岁时分别有91%、91%、81%、42%和26%使用维生素D补充剂。在不使用维生素D补充剂的儿童中，各年龄段的维生素D摄入量均低于10微克/天。使用和不使用维生素D补充剂的儿童从食物中摄入的维生素D没有差异。在所有研究年龄组中，维生素D补充剂是维生素D摄入的主要来源，其次是三个月大婴儿的维生素D强化婴儿配方奶粉以及六个月大婴儿的婴儿配方奶粉和婴儿食品。1岁以后，维生素D最重要的食物来源是人造黄油、鱼类、婴儿食品、低脂牛奶和鸡蛋。社会人口学因素，尤其是家庭中孩子的数量和母亲的年龄，与维生素D的总摄入量和维生素D补充剂的使用有关。