Gaweda Ewa, Kondej Dorota
Zakładu Zagrozeń Chemicznych i Pyłowych Centralnego Instytutu Ochrony Pracy--Państwowego Instytutu Badawczego w Warszawie.
Med Pr. 2006;57(1):1-6.
This paper presents an analysis of chemical and physical hazards occurring at workposts of plants involved in the production of building fittings and metal accessories. The analysis is based on the data obtained from voivodeship (province) sanitary and epidemiological stations as well as on the results of initial measurements of respirable and total dust concentrations and noise levels at workposts of the six selected plants.
Methods described in standards: PN-91/Z-04030/05, PN-91/Z-04030/06 and PN-91/Z-04018/04 were applied for the determination of dusts containing free crystalline silica. Air samples were collected according to the principles of personal dosimetry, and measurements of noise were taken according to PN-N-1307:1994.
Very small enterprises of no more than 10 employees (39.3%) and small enterprises with 10 to 49 employees (42.6%) predominate among plants that produce building fittings and metal accessories. Among physical hazards, noise occupies a particular place in 96.7% of plants. In 65.4% of plants, dusts containing free crystalline silica were suspended in the ambient air. Exposure to chemical hazards was observed in 60.7% of plants. Metals and their compounds were found to be the most harmful chemical factors in the processes of founding and mechanical working of elements of building fittings and metal accessories.
本文对建筑配件和金属配件生产厂工作岗位上出现的化学和物理危害进行了分析。该分析基于从省卫生和流行病学站获得的数据，以及对六家选定工厂工作岗位上可吸入粉尘和总粉尘浓度及噪声水平的初步测量结果。
采用PN - 91/Z - 04030/05、PN - 91/Z - 04030/06和PN - 91/Z - 04018/04标准中所述的方法测定含游离结晶二氧化硅的粉尘。空气样本按照个人剂量测定原则采集，噪声测量按照PN - N - 1307:1994进行。
在生产建筑配件和金属配件的工厂中，员工不超过10人的超小企业（占39.3%）和员工人数在10至49人之间的小企业（占42.6%）占主导地位。在物理危害中，噪声在96.7%的工厂中占据特殊位置。在65.4%的工厂中，含游离结晶二氧化硅的粉尘悬浮在环境空气中。60.7%的工厂存在化学危害暴露情况。金属及其化合物被发现是建筑配件和金属配件元件铸造和机械加工过程中最有害的化学因素。
