Brydak Lidia B, Gawryluk Dariusz, Lietzau Grazyna, Wiatr Elzbieta, Machała Magdalena
Państwowy Zakład Higieny, Krajowy Ośrodek ds. Grypy w Warszawie.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 Mar;20(117):341-4.
Influenza is a seasonal viral disease, with the peak of morbidity occurring in Poland between January and March. It is estimated that up to 70% of respiratory infections during the season is caused by this virus. Influenza virus infection poses an ultimate threat to the elderly > or = 65 years old and chronically ill, in whom postinfluenzal complications--including viral pneumonia and secondary bacterial pneumonia--cause from 0.1% to 0.4% deaths annually. Influenza also triggers off from 5% to 7% cases of nosocomial infections in these patients. Among three influenza types being human pathogens only influenza A and B have clinical and diagnostic significance. Type C causes mild respiratory infections, usually in children. Out of the viruses circulating in our region the most pathogenic is A/H3N2 subtype that causes more severe infections, an increased number of hospitalizations and higher mortality than A/ H1N1 or B viruses. Lack of pathognomonic symptoms makes difficult a case definition-based diagnosis and draws an attention to key role of laboratory diagnostics for respiratory infections. It has an essential significance in high-risk patients not vaccinated against influenza giving an opportunity to use antiviral drugs of the new generation as oseltamivir.
流感是一种季节性病毒性疾病，在波兰，发病高峰期出现在1月至3月之间。据估计，该季节高达70%的呼吸道感染由这种病毒引起。流感病毒感染对65岁及以上的老年人和慢性病患者构成极大威胁，在这些人群中，流感后并发症（包括病毒性肺炎和继发性细菌性肺炎）每年导致0.1%至0.4%的死亡。流感还引发了这些患者中5%至7%的医院感染病例。在作为人类病原体的三种流感类型中，只有甲型和乙型流感具有临床和诊断意义。丙型流感通常引起儿童轻度呼吸道感染。在我们地区传播的病毒中，致病性最强的是A/H3N2亚型，与A/H1N1或B型病毒相比，它会导致更严重的感染、更多的住院病例和更高的死亡率。缺乏特征性症状使得基于病例定义的诊断变得困难，并凸显了实验室诊断在呼吸道感染中的关键作用。这对于未接种流感疫苗的高危患者具有至关重要的意义，可以让他们有机会使用新一代抗病毒药物，如奥司他韦。
