Quintaneiro C, Monteiro M, Pastorinho R, Soares A M V M, Nogueira A J A, Morgado F, Guilhermino L
Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 310-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2006 Nov;52(11):1406-13. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.04.002. Epub 2006 Apr 21.
The degradation of estuaries is a result of human activities which overloads the environment with substances of both industrial and/or natural origins. Bioindicators have been consistently used to interpret effects of contaminants in the environment. In this study, the use of biomarkers (particular measurable characteristics of a bioindicator organism) was used to evaluate the contamination by xenobiotics of Crangon crangon natural populations. The central aim was to evaluate the capability of a battery of biomarkers to discriminate sites with different types of contamination. The activity of the enzymes cholinesterases (ChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione S-transferases (GST) were used as biomarkers. In addition, the ChE form(s) present in the cephalotorax of C. crangon were characterised. Organisms were seasonally sampled from winter 2001/2002 to autumn of 2002, at "reference" sites and at sites that receive agricultural, industrial and/or urban effluents. Results obtained in the characterisation of ChE with different substrates and selective inhibitors demonstrate that the form of ChE present in the cephalotorax of C. crangon shows proprieties of vertebrates' AChE and therefore it may be classified as true AChE-like ChE. The battery of biomarkers exhibited seasonal and local variations, apparently related to agricultural, industrial or urban effluent contamination. The tested biomarkers proved to be able to discriminate sources of environmental contamination, and confirms C. crangon as a sensitive species suitable to be used as a bioindicator.
河口的退化是人类活动的结果，这些活动使环境中工业和/或天然来源的物质负荷过重。生物指示物一直被用于解释环境中污染物的影响。在本研究中，生物标志物（生物指示生物的特定可测量特征）被用于评估克氏原螯虾自然种群受外来生物污染物的污染情况。核心目标是评估一系列生物标志物区分不同类型污染地点的能力。胆碱酯酶（ChE）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的活性被用作生物标志物。此外，还对克氏原螯虾头胸部中存在的ChE形式进行了表征。从2001/2002年冬季到2002年秋季，在“参考”地点以及接收农业、工业和/或城市污水的地点对生物进行季节性采样。用不同底物和选择性抑制剂对ChE进行表征所获得的结果表明，克氏原螯虾头胸部中存在的ChE形式具有脊椎动物乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的特性，因此可归类为真正的类AChE ChE。这一系列生物标志物表现出季节性和局部变化，显然与农业、工业或城市污水污染有关。经测试的生物标志物被证明能够区分环境污染源，并证实克氏原螯虾是一种适合用作生物指示物的敏感物种。
