Celik Ozlem, Elbeyli Iffet Yakar, Piskin Sabriye
Department of Civil Engineering, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Waste Manag Res. 2006 Jun;24(3):215-24. doi: 10.1177/0734242X06064358.
Mine tailings are formed as an industrial waste during coal and ore mining and processing. In the investigated process, following the extraction of gold from the ore, the remaining tailings are subjected to a two-stage chemical treatment in order to destroy the free cyanide and to stabilize and coagulate heavy metals prior to discharge into the tailings pond. The aim of this study was the investigation of the feasibility of utilization of the tailings as an additive material in Portland cement production. For this purpose, the effects of the tailings on the compressive strength properties of the ordinary Portland cement were investigated. Chemical and physical properties, mineralogical composition, particle size distribution and microstructure of the tailings were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), particle size analyzer (Mastersizer) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Following the characterization of the tailings, cement mortars were prepared by intergrinding Portland cement with dried tailings. Composition of the cement clinkers were adjusted to contain 5, 15, 25% (wt/wt) dried tailings and also silica fume and fly ash samples (C and F type) were added to clinker in different ratios. The mortars produced with different amounts of tailings, silica fume, fly ashes and also mixtures of them were tested for compressive strength values after 2, 7, 28 and 56 days according to the European Standard (EN 196-1). The results indicated that gold tailings up to 25% in clinker could be beneficially used as an additive in Portland cement production. It is suggested that the gold tailings used in the cement are blended with silica fume and C-type fly ash to obtain higher compressive strength values.
尾矿是煤炭和矿石开采及加工过程中形成的工业废料。在本研究过程中，从矿石中提取黄金后，剩余的尾矿要经过两阶段化学处理，以便在排入尾矿池之前破坏游离氰化物，并使重金属稳定和凝聚。本研究的目的是调查将尾矿用作波特兰水泥生产中的添加剂材料的可行性。为此，研究了尾矿对普通波特兰水泥抗压强度性能的影响。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、粒度分析仪（Mastersizer）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测定了尾矿的化学和物理性质、矿物组成、粒度分布及微观结构。对尾矿进行表征后，将波特兰水泥与干燥后的尾矿共同粉磨制备水泥砂浆。调整水泥熟料的成分，使其含有5%、15%、25%（重量/重量）的干燥尾矿，还以不同比例向熟料中添加硅灰和粉煤灰样品（C型和F型）。根据欧洲标准（EN 196-1），对用不同量的尾矿、硅灰、粉煤灰及其混合物制成的砂浆在2天、7天、28天和56天后的抗压强度值进行测试。结果表明，熟料中高达25%的金尾矿可作为波特兰水泥生产中的添加剂有益地加以利用。建议在水泥中使用的金尾矿与硅灰和C型粉煤灰混合，以获得更高的抗压强度值。
