Muraven Mark, Shmueli Dikla
Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, 12222, USA.
Psychol Addict Behav. 2006 Jun;20(2):154-60. doi: 10.1037/0893-164X.20.2.154.
Being exposed to the sight and smell of an alcoholic beverage and not drinking it should require self-control. On the basis of the self-control strength model (M. Muraven & R. F. Baumeister, 2000), exerting self-control should lead to poorer performance on subsequent self-control tasks. Using a cue exposure paradigm, the authors had 160 social drinkers alternately sniff water and alcohol. After each trial, the drinkers engaged in 2 self-control tasks: squeezing a handgrip and a self-stopping task. Performance on these tasks was worse after sniffing alcohol than after sniffing water. Mood and arousal did not mediate the effects; urge to drink was negatively related to outcomes. The effects were stronger for individuals high in trait temptation to drink. Resisting the temptation of drinking appears to undermine self-control capacity.
接触酒精饮料的视觉和气味但不饮用需要自我控制。根据自我控制强度模型（M. 穆拉文和R. F. 鲍迈斯特，2000），进行自我控制应该会导致在随后的自我控制任务中表现更差。作者采用线索暴露范式，让160名社交饮酒者交替嗅闻水和酒精。每次试验后，饮酒者进行两项自我控制任务：挤压握力器和自我停止任务。嗅闻酒精后这些任务的表现比嗅闻水后更差。情绪和唤醒并没有调节这些影响；饮酒冲动与结果呈负相关。对于特质饮酒诱惑高的个体，影响更强。抵制饮酒的诱惑似乎会削弱自我控制能力。
