Rose Mary R, Nadler Janice, Clark Jim
Department of Sociology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A1700, Austin, Texas 78712-1088, USA.
Law Hum Behav. 2006 Apr;30(2):203-19. doi: 10.1007/s10979-006-9030-3.
Victims who express less emotion in response to a crime are perceived as less deserving, less sympathetic, and they have less punishment assigned to the offender who committed the crime. This study considers the extent to which emotion norms underlie perceptions of victims who testify. Two studies investigate the circumstances in which emotional reactions to a crime are seen as "unusual" and whether a more general emotion norm underlies responses to victim testimony. We test a "victim-role" norm against a "proportionality" norm by crossing the severity of victim's emotional response (severe or mild) with the seriousness of a crime (serious or less serious). Results across two studies lend greater support to the notion that people expect victims to match the intensity of their emotional response to the seriousness of the event (i.e., a proportionality rule), although we also find instances in which expectations of the victim are not strong. Gender of the victim exhibited small and contingent effects. We discuss the relevance of emotion norms to legal settings.
对犯罪表现出较少情绪反应的受害者被认为更不值得同情，更缺乏同情心，并且对犯罪者的惩罚也较轻。本研究探讨了情绪规范在多大程度上影响对作证受害者的认知。两项研究调查了对犯罪的情绪反应在何种情况下被视为“异常”，以及是否存在更普遍的情绪规范影响对受害者证词的反应。我们通过将受害者情绪反应的严重程度（严重或轻微）与犯罪的严重程度（严重或不太严重）交叉，来检验“受害者角色”规范与“比例性”规范。两项研究的结果更有力地支持了这样一种观点，即人们期望受害者的情绪反应强度与事件的严重程度相匹配（即比例性规则），尽管我们也发现了对受害者期望不强烈的情况。受害者的性别表现出微小且因情况而异的影响。我们讨论了情绪规范与法律环境的相关性。
