Mello Antonietta, Murat Claude, Bonfante Paola
Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante del CNR, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 Jul;260(1):1-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00252.x.
Truffles are hypogeous fungi which live in symbiosis with plant host roots in order to accomplish their life cycle. Some species, such as Tuber magnatum Pico, the 'white truffle', and Tuber melanosporum Vittad., the 'black truffle', are highly appreciated in many countries because of their special taste and smell. The great demand for the black and white truffles, the increasing attention towards other species of local interest for the rural economy (such as T. aestivum) together with a drop in productivity, have stimulated researchers to develop projects for a better understanding of the ecology of truffles by exploiting the new approaches of environmental microbiology and molecular ecology. Specific primers have been developed to identify many morphologically similar species, the distribution of T. magnatum has been followed in a selected truffle-ground, the phylogeography of T. melanosporum and T. magnatum has been traced, and the microorganisms associated with the truffles and their habitats have been identified.
松露是地下真菌，它们与植物寄主根系共生以完成其生命周期。一些品种，如“白松露”意大利白块菌（Tuber magnatum Pico）和“黑松露”黑孢块菌（Tuber melanosporum Vittad.），因其独特的味道和气味在许多国家备受青睐。对黑松露和白松露的巨大需求、对其他对农村经济具有地方重要性的品种（如夏块菌）的日益关注，以及生产力的下降，促使研究人员通过利用环境微生物学和分子生态学的新方法，开展项目以更好地了解松露的生态学。已经开发出特定引物来鉴定许多形态相似的品种，在选定的松露产地追踪了意大利白块菌的分布，追溯了黑孢块菌和意大利白块菌的系统地理学，并鉴定了与松露及其栖息地相关的微生物。
