Brouwer Silvia I, van Beijsterveldt Toos C E M, Bartels Meike, Hudziak James J, Boomsma Dorret I
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2006 Jun;9(3):424-30. doi: 10.1375/183242706777591191.
In order to determine if twinning impacted achievement of motor milestones the attainment of early motor milestones in twins was examined and compared to published data from singletons of the same age from the same culture and birth years. We examined the influence of twinning, sex, zygosity and birth cohort (1987-2001) on the motor development of twins aged 0 to 24 months. Data on the attainment of motor milestones (turn, sit, crawl, stand and walk) of twins were collected from maternal reports. All data were corrected for gestational age. Data from the twin sample were compared to normative data from singletons, which were available from Child Health Clinics (CHC). Analyses across twin data and the CHC singleton data revealed no differences between twins and singletons in achievement of motor milestones. Girls were able to sit without support slightly earlier than boys, otherwise there were no other sex differences. Birth-order analyses revealed minimal but significant differences in turning over from back to belly and for sitting without support between the first- and second-born. Dizygotic (DZ) twins were faster than monozygotic (MZ) twins in achieving the moment of sit, crawl, stand and walk. Twins born in earlier cohorts were faster in reaching the moment of crawl, sit and walk. It is concluded that there are no differences in time of reaching motor milestones between twins and singletons within the normal range. Sex has minimal to no effect on motor development in early childhood. DZ twins achieve motor milestones sooner than MZ twins. Attainment of gross motor milestones (crawl, stand and walk) is delayed in later birth cohorts.
为了确定双胎妊娠是否会影响运动发育里程碑的达成，我们对双胎婴儿早期运动发育里程碑的达成情况进行了检查，并与来自相同文化背景和出生年份的同年龄单胎婴儿的已发表数据进行了比较。我们研究了双胎妊娠、性别、合子性和出生队列（1987 - 2001年）对0至24个月大双胎婴儿运动发育的影响。双胎婴儿运动发育里程碑（翻身、坐、爬、站和走）的达成数据通过母亲报告收集。所有数据均根据孕周进行了校正。将双胎样本的数据与儿童健康诊所（CHC）提供的单胎婴儿的标准数据进行了比较。对双胎数据和CHC单胎数据的分析表明，双胎婴儿与单胎婴儿在运动发育里程碑的达成方面没有差异。女孩比男孩能稍早一点独坐，除此之外没有其他性别差异。出生顺序分析显示，头胎和二胎在从仰卧翻至俯卧以及独坐方面存在极小但显著的差异。在实现坐、爬、站和走的时刻，异卵（DZ）双胎比同卵（MZ）双胎更快。出生队列较早的双胎在达到爬、坐和走的时刻更快。得出的结论是，在正常范围内，双胎婴儿与单胎婴儿在达到运动发育里程碑的时间上没有差异。性别对幼儿期运动发育的影响极小或没有影响。DZ双胎比MZ双胎更早达到运动发育里程碑。在较晚出生队列中，大运动发育里程碑（爬、站和走）的达成有所延迟。
