Gonçalves Helen, Gigante Denise
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2006 Jul;22(7):1459-69. doi: 10.1590/s0102-311x2006000700010. Epub 2006 Jun 14.
An ethno-epidemiological study was carried out with adolescent women who have been studied since birth. In 2001, all female adolescents from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort were identified in 27% of all census tracts in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State. Risk factors for childbearing during adolescence were investigated using a case-control approach. Cases (n = 420) were identified through the local live birth information system, and controls included 408 women who had not given birth by 2001. To understand social and cultural factors related to childbearing during adolescence, an ethnographic study focused on 23 young women from the case group. Work, schooling, sexuality, and reproductive health were analyzed using an ethno-epidemiological approach. Socioeconomic variables like work and schooling were strongly associated with childbearing in adolescence. An inverse linear association was observed between age at first dating and childbearing during adolescence (p < 0.001). Focusing on the contexts and social values (traditional and/or modern), pregnancy was: a positive consequence of an affective relationship with the partner; a way of exposing adolescent sexuality; and a means to achieve a certain social autonomy and other forms of social status within the age group.
对自出生起就接受跟踪研究的青春期女性开展了一项种族流行病学研究。2001年，在南里奥格兰德州佩洛塔斯市27%的普查区中，确认了1982年佩洛塔斯出生队列中的所有女性青少年。采用病例对照研究方法调查青春期生育的危险因素。通过当地的活产信息系统确定病例（n = 420），对照包括408名到2001年尚未生育的女性。为了解与青春期生育相关的社会和文化因素，对病例组中的23名年轻女性开展了一项人种志研究。采用种族流行病学方法分析工作、教育、性行为和生殖健康情况。工作和教育等社会经济变量与青春期生育密切相关。初约会年龄与青春期生育之间呈负线性关联（p < 0.001）。着眼于各种背景和社会价值观（传统和/或现代），怀孕被视为：与伴侣情感关系的积极结果；展现青少年性行为的一种方式；以及在该年龄组内实现某种社会自主和其他社会地位形式的一种手段。
