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行为工程学：用于训练智障儿童上厕所的两种器具。

Behavioral engineering: two apparatuses for toilet training retarded children.

机构信息

Anna State Hospital.

出版信息

J Appl Behav Anal. 1971 Fall;4(3):249-53. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-249.

DOI:10.1901/jaba.1971.4-249
PMID:16795301
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1310698/
Abstract

Daytime incontinence is a major problem for retarded children. A training procedure for eliminating this problem should be facilitated by an apparatus that provided the trainer with an immediate signal when the child voided so that the trainer could react immediately. Two apparatuses were developed for this purpose: a toilet-chair apparatus to signal proper toileting and a portable pants-alarm apparatus to signal wetting of the pants. A reprimand was given when pants wetting occurred whereas positive reinforcement was given for proper toileting. Results with four profoundly retarded children indicated the reliability of the apparatuses in practice and the effectiveness of a toilet training program that used the two apparatuses.

摘要

白天遗尿对于弱智儿童来说是一个主要问题。消除这一问题的训练程序应该由一种仪器来辅助，当孩子排尿时，仪器可以立即给训练者一个信号，以便训练者能立即做出反应。为此目的开发了两种仪器：一种是便椅仪器，用来发出正确如厕的信号；另一种是便携式裤子警报仪器，用来发出裤子湿了的信号。当裤子湿了时，会给予责备，而当正确如厕时，则给予积极的强化。对四个严重弱智儿童的结果表明，这两种仪器在实践中的可靠性，以及使用这两种仪器的如厕训练计划的有效性。

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本文引用的文献

1
A rapid method of toilet training the institutionalized retarded.一种对机构性弱智进行快速厕所训练的方法。
J Appl Behav Anal. 1971 Summer;4(2):89-99. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1971.4-89.
2
Toilet training institutionalized, severe retardates: an application of operant behavior modification techniques.对机构收容的重度智障者进行如厕训练：操作性行为矫正技术的应用
Am J Ment Defic. 1966 Mar;70(5):766-80.
3
Operant conditioning in toilet training of severely mentally retarded boys.重度智力发育迟缓男孩如厕训练中的操作性条件反射
Am J Ment Defic. 1965 Jul;70(1):120-4.
4
Field trials of a new procedure for toilet training.一种新的如厕训练方法的现场试验。
J Exp Child Psychol. 1969 Aug;8(1):147-59. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(69)90036-8.
5
Applications of behavior-shaping devices to training severely and profoundly mentally retarded children in an institutional setting.行为塑造设备在机构环境中对重度和极重度智力障碍儿童进行训练的应用。
Ment Retard. 1968 Dec;6(6):21-3.

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