Djoussé Luc, Pankow James S, Hunt Steven C, Heiss Gerardo, Province Michael A, Kabagambe Edmond K, Ellison R Curtis
Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02120, USA.
Hypertension. 2006 Aug;48(2):335-41. doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000229668.73501.e8. Epub 2006 Jun 26.
Data on the association between dairy consumption and blood pressure have been inconsistent. We sought to examine the relation between dairy consumption and prevalent hypertension (HTN) among 4797 participants of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate prevalence odds ratios of HTN across categories of dairy consumption. From the lowest to the highest sex-, age-, and energy-adjusted quartile of dairy consumption, there was an inverse association between dairy intake and prevalent HTN: odds ratios (95% CIs) were 1.0 (reference), 0.82 (0.64 to 1.05), 0.68 (0.53 to 0.89), and 0.62 (0.45 to 0.84), respectively, in a model adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, field center, body mass index, dietary linolenic acid, saturated and monounsaturated fat, sodium intake, potassium, caffeine, fiber, and fruits and vegetables (P for trend = 0.002). This association was independent of calcium intake and was mainly observed among subjects consuming fewer calories from saturated fat (P for interaction = 0.014). Dairy consumption was inversely associated with systolic (P for trend = 0.003) but not diastolic (P for trend = 0.09) blood pressure. Although subjects consuming > or = 2 servings per day of dairy products and higher total linolenic acid had the lowest prevalence odds of HTN, there was no evidence for interaction between linolenic acid and dairy consumption on HTN (P for interaction = 0.65). In conclusion, our data indicate an inverse association between dairy consumption and prevalent HTN that was independent of dietary calcium, mainly among individuals consuming less saturated fat. This suggests that consumption of low-fat dairy products might be more beneficial for preventing HTN.
关于乳制品消费与血压之间关联的数据并不一致。我们试图在国家心肺血液研究所家庭心脏研究的4797名参与者中，研究乳制品消费与高血压（HTN）患病率之间的关系。我们使用广义估计方程来估计不同乳制品消费类别中HTN的患病率比值比。从性别、年龄和能量调整后的乳制品消费最低四分位数到最高四分位数，乳制品摄入量与HTN患病率之间存在负相关：在调整年龄、性别、能量摄入、研究中心、体重指数、膳食亚麻酸、饱和与单不饱和脂肪、钠摄入量、钾、咖啡因、纤维以及水果和蔬菜的模型中，比值比（95%置信区间）分别为1.0（参考值）、0.82（0.64至1.05）、0.68（0.53至0.89）和0.62（0.45至0.84）（趋势P值 = 0.002）。这种关联独立于钙摄入量，且主要在饱和脂肪热量摄入较少的受试者中观察到（交互作用P值 = 0.014）。乳制品消费与收缩压呈负相关（趋势P值 = 0.003），但与舒张压无相关性（趋势P值 = 0.09）。尽管每天食用≥2份乳制品且总亚麻酸含量较高的受试者HTN患病率比值最低，但没有证据表明亚麻酸与乳制品消费在HTN方面存在交互作用（交互作用P值 = 0.65）。总之，我们的数据表明乳制品消费与HTN患病率之间存在负相关，且独立于膳食钙，主要存在于饱和脂肪摄入较少的个体中。这表明食用低脂乳制品可能对预防HTN更有益。
