Sharifan Payam, Roustaee Roshanak, Shafiee Mojtaba, Longworth Zoe L, Keshavarz Pardis, Davies Ian G, Webb Richard J, Mazidi Mohsen, Vatanparast Hassan
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19816-19573, Iran.
Nutrients. 2025 Aug 22;17(17):2723. doi: 10.3390/nu17172723.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between dairy consumption and cardiovascular or bone health outcomes remains controversial, with inconsistent findings across existing meta-analyses. In this study, we aimed to systematically evaluate and synthesize the evidence from published meta-analyses on dairy consumption and cardiovascular and bone health outcomes in adults, and to conduct updated meta-analyses incorporating recently published prospective cohort studies.
We performed an umbrella review following PRISMA guidelines, searching published and grey literature up to April 2024. Meta-analyses evaluating dairy intake and its impact on cardiovascular and bone health outcomes were included. Updated meta-analyses were conducted for cardiovascular outcomes, while bone health outcomes were synthesized qualitatively. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Random-effects models were applied, and heterogeneity, small-study effects, excess significance, and prediction intervals were evaluated.
We included 33 meta-analyses (26 on cardiovascular, 7 on bone health outcomes). Updated meta-analyses showed that total dairy (RR: 0.96), milk (RR: 0.97), and yogurt (RR: 0.92) were significantly associated with reduced CVD risk. Total dairy and low-fat dairy were inversely linked to hypertension (RRs: 0.89, 0.87), and milk and low-fat dairy were associated with reduced stroke risk. Small-study effects were absent for most associations. Credibility was rated as "weak" for most associations, with total dairy and stroke, and total dairy and hypertension showing "suggestive" evidence. For bone health, dairy-especially milk-was linked to higher bone mineral density (BMD). Evidence on osteoporosis risk was mixed, and while total dairy and milk showed inconsistent associations with fractures, cheese and yogurt showed more consistent protective effects. Limited evidence suggested milk may reduce bone resorption markers.
This review suggests that dairy consumption, particularly milk and yogurt, is modestly associated with reduced cardiovascular risk, while dairy intake appears to benefit BMD and fracture prevention. However, further research is needed to confirm these associations.
背景/目的：乳制品消费与心血管健康或骨骼健康结果之间的关系仍存在争议，现有荟萃分析的结果并不一致。在本研究中，我们旨在系统评价和综合已发表的关于成人乳制品消费与心血管和骨骼健康结果的荟萃分析证据，并纳入最近发表的前瞻性队列研究进行更新的荟萃分析。
我们按照PRISMA指南进行了一项伞状综述，检索截至2024年4月的已发表文献和灰色文献。纳入评估乳制品摄入量及其对心血管和骨骼健康结果影响的荟萃分析。对心血管结局进行了更新的荟萃分析，对骨骼健康结局进行了定性综合。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所清单评估方法学质量。应用随机效应模型，并评估异质性、小研究效应、过度显著性和预测区间。
我们纳入了33项荟萃分析（26项关于心血管，7项关于骨骼健康结局）。更新的荟萃分析表明，总乳制品（RR：0.96）、牛奶（RR：0.97）和酸奶（RR：0.92）与降低心血管疾病风险显著相关。总乳制品和低脂乳制品与高血压呈负相关（RRs：0.89、0.87），牛奶和低脂乳制品与降低中风风险相关。大多数关联不存在小研究效应。大多数关联的可信度被评为“弱”，总乳制品与中风以及总乳制品与高血压显示出“提示性”证据。对于骨骼健康，乳制品尤其是牛奶与更高的骨矿物质密度（BMD）相关。关于骨质疏松症风险的证据不一，虽然总乳制品和牛奶与骨折的关联不一致，但奶酪和酸奶显示出更一致的保护作用。有限的证据表明牛奶可能会降低骨吸收标志物。
本综述表明，乳制品消费，尤其是牛奶和酸奶，与降低心血管风险适度相关，而乳制品摄入似乎有益于骨矿物质密度和骨折预防。然而，需要进一步研究来证实这些关联。
