Torigian D A, Ramchandani P
Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Abdom Imaging. 2007 Jan-Feb;32(1):29-49. doi: 10.1007/s00261-006-9013-3.
Hematospermia is an anxiety provoking but otherwise generally benign and self-limited condition that is infrequently associated with significant underlying pathology, and is most often considered to be idiopathic in nature. Management with routine clinical evaluation, watchful waiting, and reassurance generally suffice without further diagnostic workup or treatment. Noninvasive imaging may play an important role in the diagnostic workup of men with hematospermia, particularly in those who are >40 years old, have other associated symptoms or signs of disease, or have persistence of hematospermia. Many entities may be encountered in association with hematospermia at imaging, and specific therapeutic interventions may be used if certain treatable underlying pathologies are coincidentally detected. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential etiologies, diagnostic workup, imaging techniques, relevant male pelvic anatomy, imaging appearance of specific associated pathologies, and treatment for hematospermia.
血精症是一种令人焦虑但通常为良性且自限性的疾病，很少与严重的潜在病理状况相关，通常认为其本质上是特发性的。通过常规临床评估、观察等待和给予安慰进行处理一般就足够了，无需进一步的诊断检查或治疗。无创成像在血精症男性的诊断检查中可能起重要作用，特别是对于年龄大于40岁、有其他相关疾病症状或体征、或血精症持续存在的患者。在成像检查中，血精症可能与多种情况相关，如果偶然检测到某些可治疗的潜在病理状况，可采用特定的治疗干预措施。在这篇全面综述中，我们讨论了血精症的潜在病因、诊断检查、成像技术、相关男性盆腔解剖结构、特定相关病理状况的成像表现以及治疗方法。
