Alaranta A, Alaranta H, Patja K, Palmu P, Prättälä R, Martelin T, Helenius I
Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Sports Med. 2006 Jul;27(7):581-6. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-865826.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of smoking and snuff use in Finnish elite athletes. Of all the athletes (n = 494) financially supported by the National Olympic Committee, 446 completed a structured questionnaire (response rate 90.3 %) in 2002. A control group (n = 1504, response rate 80.2 %) comprised an age-matched sample from the population-based sample collected by the National Public Health Institute. Any smoking was reported by 11.4 % of the athletes (3.6 % daily and 7.8 % occasionally) and by 38.3 % of the controls (28.1 % and 10.2 %). After adjusting for age, sex, and education, OR (95 % CI) for any smoking was highest 0.42 (0.23 - 0.77) for athletes in skill-based events and lowest 0.06 (0.02 - 0.17) for endurance athletes as compared with controls. Snuff use was reported by 24.6 % of the athletes (9.6 % daily and 15.0 % occasionally) and by 3.7 % of the controls (1.8 % and 1.9 %). The adjusted OR (95 % CI) for any snuff use was highest 15.6 (9.55 - 25.6) for team-sport athletes and lowest 3.33 (1.54 - 7.21) for endurance athletes as compared with controls. Although snuff use in the general female population is rare, also female athletes did use snuff. Though prevalence of daily smoking among athletes was one-seventh of the respective figure for the general population, prevalence of daily snuff use was five-fold that of controls. Tobacco free elite athletes are valuable in health counselling because athletes are considered role models influencing their peers and the sport. Sport associations are challenged to ban all forms of tobacco.
本研究旨在评估芬兰优秀运动员中吸烟和使用鼻烟的流行情况。在所有获得国家奥委会经济支持的运动员（n = 494）中，446人于2002年完成了一份结构化问卷（回复率90.3%）。一个对照组（n = 1504，回复率80.2%）由国家公共卫生研究所收集的基于人群样本中年龄匹配的样本组成。11.4%的运动员报告有吸烟行为（3.6%为每日吸烟，7.8%为偶尔吸烟），而对照组中这一比例为38.3%（28.1%和10.2%）。在对年龄、性别和教育程度进行调整后，与对照组相比，从事技能类项目的运动员吸烟的比值比（OR，95%可信区间）最高，为0.42（0.23 - 0.77），耐力项目运动员吸烟的比值比最低，为0.06（0.02 - 0.17）。24.6%的运动员报告使用鼻烟（9.6%为每日使用，15.0%为偶尔使用），而对照组中这一比例为3.7%（1.8%和1.9%）。与对照组相比，团队项目运动员使用鼻烟的调整后比值比（OR，95%可信区间）最高，为15.6（9.55 - 25.6），耐力项目运动员使用鼻烟的比值比最低，为3.33（1.54 - 7.21）。尽管一般女性人群中很少使用鼻烟，但女性运动员也有使用鼻烟的情况。虽然运动员中每日吸烟的流行率是一般人群相应数字的七分之一，但每日使用鼻烟的流行率却是对照组的五倍。无烟优秀运动员在健康咨询方面很有价值，因为运动员被视为影响同龄人及体育界的榜样。体育协会面临着禁止所有形式烟草的挑战。
