Haukkala Ari, Vartiainen Erkki, de Vries Hein
Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Addiction. 2006 Apr;101(4):581-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01346.x.
To examine the progression of oral moist snuff use among adolescents and its relation to smoking behaviour and nicotine addiction.
A 3-year smoking prevention study in 27 schools of Helsinki, Finland, starting with the seventh grade to the ninth grade.
Pupils (n=2816) completed questionnaires four times, which included information on smoking behaviour, snuff experiments, nicotine addiction (Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire) and other activities.
The prevalence of snuff experimentation rose among boys from 7% in the seventh grade to 43% 3 years later in the ninth grade, and among girls from 2% to 13% for the corresponding period. Among boys, smoking predicted later snuff use in all assessments and snuff experimentation predicted later weekly smoking. The impact of snuff experimentation upon later smoking experimentation was smaller than vice versa. Among boys active in sports, smoking was less common but snuff use was more common. Combined use was common; by the end of the follow-up only 10% of weekly smokers had not tried oral snuff. Nicotine dependence scores increased linearly with snuff use among weekly smokers.
Despite the European Union sales ban on oral snuff products since 1995, in Finland snuff use is common among boys. Although combined use of snuff and cigarettes is associated with higher levels of nicotine dependence among adolescent boys, the direction of causality is not known. Unlike cigarette smoking, oral snuff use was tried among boys who spent their free time with sports-related activities.
研究青少年口腔湿鼻烟使用情况的发展及其与吸烟行为和尼古丁成瘾的关系。
在芬兰赫尔辛基的27所学校开展的一项为期3年的吸烟预防研究，研究对象从七年级学生开始，直至九年级学生。
学生（n = 2816）共完成了四次问卷调查，内容包括吸烟行为、鼻烟尝试情况、尼古丁成瘾（法格斯特罗姆耐受问卷）及其他活动。
七年级男生中鼻烟尝试的患病率为7%，3年后九年级时升至43%；同期女生中该患病率则从2%升至13%。在所有评估中，男生的吸烟行为都预示着日后会使用鼻烟，而鼻烟尝试则预示着日后会每周吸烟。鼻烟尝试对日后吸烟尝试的影响小于吸烟尝试对日后鼻烟使用的影响。在积极参加体育活动的男生中，吸烟现象较少见，但鼻烟使用更为常见。同时使用两种产品的情况很普遍；随访结束时，只有10%的每周吸烟者未曾尝试过口腔鼻烟。每周吸烟者的尼古丁依赖得分随鼻烟使用量的增加呈线性上升。
尽管自1995年起欧盟禁止销售口腔鼻烟产品，但在芬兰，鼻烟在男生中仍很常见。虽然青少年男性同时使用鼻烟和香烟与更高水平的尼古丁依赖有关，但因果关系尚不明确。与吸烟不同，在课余时间从事体育相关活动的男生中也有人尝试使用口腔鼻烟。
