Bird Amy, Reese Elaine
Kari Centre, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
Dev Psychol. 2006 Jul;42(4):613-26. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.42.4.613.
According to autobiographical memory theorists, past event conversations provide children with a framework for evaluating and connecting past events into a coherent autobiography (R. Fivush, 1994; K. Nelson, 1993; M. K. Welch-Ross, 1995). Two studies were conducted to empirically examine the association between past event conversation style and an independent measure of children's self-concept consistency. In Study 1, 50 New Zealand mothers discussed everyday past events with their children at 51 and 65 months of age. In Study 2, 51 New Zealand parents discussed 1 positive and 3 negative past events with their 5- and 6-year-old children. The consistency of children's self-views was assessed in both studies using the Children's Self-View Questionnaire (R. Eder, 1990). Children's self-concept consistency was moderately associated with greater explanation of the causes and consequences of children's negative emotions, resolution through social contact, and evaluation of positive events but not with simple attributions of emotion. These findings implicate parent-child conversations as a medium through which children can begin to understand the personal meaning of past experiences.
根据自传体记忆理论家的观点，关于过去事件的对话为儿童提供了一个框架，用于评估过去的事件并将其连贯地融入自传之中（R. 菲伍什，1994；K. 尼尔森，1993；M. K. 韦尔奇 - 罗斯，1995）。开展了两项研究，以实证检验过去事件对话风格与儿童自我概念一致性的一项独立测量指标之间的关联。在研究1中，50位新西兰母亲在孩子51个月和65个月大时与他们讨论日常过去事件。在研究2中，51位新西兰父母与他们5岁和6岁的孩子讨论了1件积极的和3件消极的过去事件。在两项研究中，均使用儿童自我观点问卷（R. 埃德尔，1990）来评估儿童自我观点的一致性。儿童的自我概念一致性与对儿童负面情绪的原因和后果进行更多解释、通过社会接触解决问题以及对积极事件进行评价存在中度关联，但与情绪的简单归因无关。这些发现表明亲子对话是一种媒介，通过它儿童能够开始理解过去经历的个人意义。
