Galletly Carol L, Pinkerton Steven D
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53202, USA.
AIDS Behav. 2006 Sep;10(5):451-61. doi: 10.1007/s10461-006-9117-3.
Twenty-three U.S. states currently have laws that make it a crime for persons who have HIV to engage in various sexual behaviors without, in most cases, disclosing their HIV-positive status to prospective sex partners. As structural interventions aimed at reducing new HIV infections, the laws ideally should complement the HIV prevention efforts of public health professionals. Unfortunately, they do not. This article demonstrates how HIV disclosure laws disregard or discount the effectiveness of universal precautions and safer sex, criminalize activities that are central to harm reduction efforts, and offer, as an implicit alternative to risk reduction and safer sex, a disclosure-based HIV transmission prevention strategy that undermines public health efforts. The article also describes how criminal HIV disclosure laws may work against the efforts of public health leaders to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward persons living with HIV.
美国目前有23个州制定了法律，规定感染艾滋病毒者若从事各种性行为，在大多数情况下未向潜在性伴侣披露其艾滋病毒呈阳性状态，即构成犯罪。作为旨在减少新的艾滋病毒感染的结构性干预措施，这些法律理想情况下应补充公共卫生专业人员的艾滋病毒预防工作。不幸的是，它们并没有做到。本文展示了艾滋病毒披露法律如何忽视或低估普遍预防措施和安全性行为的有效性，将减少伤害努力的核心活动定为犯罪，并提供一种基于披露的艾滋病毒传播预防策略，作为降低风险和安全性行为的隐含替代方案，而这种策略破坏了公共卫生工作。文章还描述了刑事艾滋病毒披露法律可能如何不利于公共卫生领导人减少对艾滋病毒感染者污名化态度的努力。
