Creagh Emma M, O'Neill Luke A J
School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Trends Immunol. 2006 Aug;27(8):352-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2006.06.003. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
Significant advances in our understanding of innate immunity have been made following the identification of three families of pathogen sensors: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). Members of the TLR family recognize bacteria, viruses, fungi and protozoa; NLRs with known functions detect bacteria, and RLRs are anti-viral. It is likely that interplay between these families ensures the efficient co-ordination of innate immune responses, through either synergistic or co-operative signalling. Important interactions occur between TLRs and certain NLRs for inducing the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta. TLRs induce pro-IL-1beta production and prime NLR-containing multi-protein complexes, termed "inflammasomes", to respond to bacterial products and products of damaged cells. This results in caspase-1 activation and the subsequent processing of pro-IL-1beta to its active form. In this article, we hypothesize that during the first phase of the host response to infection, an important interplay occurs between these families, providing a substantial combinatorial repertoire in innate immunity.
在识别出三类病原体传感器后，我们对固有免疫的理解取得了重大进展，这三类传感器分别是：Toll样受体（TLR）、NOD样受体（NLR）和维甲酸诱导基因I样受体（RLR）。TLR家族成员可识别细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物；具有已知功能的NLR可检测细菌，而RLR具有抗病毒作用。这些家族之间的相互作用可能通过协同或合作信号传导确保固有免疫反应的有效协调。TLR与某些NLR之间发生重要相互作用以诱导促炎细胞因子白细胞介素（IL）-1β。TLR诱导前体IL-1β的产生，并使含NLR的多蛋白复合物（称为“炎性小体”）致敏，以响应细菌产物和受损细胞的产物。这导致半胱天冬酶-1激活，随后前体IL-1β被加工成其活性形式。在本文中，我们假设在宿主对感染的反应的第一阶段，这些家族之间会发生重要的相互作用，从而在固有免疫中提供大量的组合模式。
