Kumar Himanshu, Kawai Taro, Akira Shizuo
Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
Biochem J. 2009 Apr 28;420(1):1-16. doi: 10.1042/BJ20090272.
Immunity against microbial pathogens primarily depends on the recognition of pathogen components by innate receptors expressed on immune and non-immune cells. Innate receptors are evolutionarily conserved germ-line-encoded proteins and include TLRs (Toll-like receptors), RLRs [RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene-I)-like receptors] and NLRs (Nod-like receptors). These receptors recognize pathogens or pathogen-derived products in different cellular compartments, such as the plasma membrane, the endosomes or the cytoplasm, and induce the expression of cytokines, chemokines and co-stimulatory molecules to eliminate pathogens and instruct pathogen-specific adaptive immune responses. In the present review, we will discuss the recent progress in the study of pathogen recognition by TLRs, RLRs and NLRs and their signalling pathways.
针对微生物病原体的免疫主要依赖于免疫细胞和非免疫细胞上表达的天然受体对病原体成分的识别。天然受体是进化上保守的种系编码蛋白，包括Toll样受体（TLR）、视黄酸诱导基因I样受体（RLR）和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体（NLR）。这些受体在不同的细胞区室（如质膜、内体或细胞质）中识别病原体或病原体衍生产物，并诱导细胞因子、趋化因子和共刺激分子的表达，以清除病原体并指导针对病原体的适应性免疫反应。在本综述中，我们将讨论TLR、RLR和NLR介导的病原体识别及其信号通路研究的最新进展。
