选择较长或较强的有信号冲击，而不是较短或较弱的无信号冲击。
Choice of longer or stronger signalled shock over shorter or weaker unsignalled shock.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1973 Jan;19(1):25-32. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1973.19-25.
Unsignalled, inescapable shocks were presented to four albino rats in one study and to six rats in a second study. By pressing a lever, subjects could change the condition to signalled shock for 3 min after which unsignalled shock was automatically reinstated. All subjects changed frequently to the signalled shock schedule. After a minimum of three 6-hr sessions or after changeover responding stabilized at the previous values, higher values of signalled shock intensity or duration were introduced. In the first study, the duration of signalled shock was increased in increments of 0.5 sec. In the second study, the intensity of signalled shock was increased in increments of either 0.2 or 0.4 mA. Duration subjects chose signalled shock four (2.0 sec) to nine times (4.5 sec) longer than unsignalled shock (0.5 sec). Intensity subjects chose signalled shock two (2.0 mA) to three times (3.0 mA) more intense than unsignalled shock (1.0 mA).
在一项研究中，有四只白化病老鼠和另一项研究中的六只老鼠受到了无信号、无法逃避的电击。通过按下杠杆，实验对象可以将条件改为有信号的电击 3 分钟，之后无信号的电击会自动恢复。所有的实验对象都频繁地切换到有信号的电击计划。在至少进行了三个 6 小时的疗程或转换反应稳定在前一个值后，引入了更高值的有信号的电击强度或持续时间。在第一项研究中，有信号的电击持续时间以 0.5 秒的增量增加。在第二项研究中，有信号的电击强度以 0.2 或 0.4 mA 的增量增加。持续时间的实验对象选择的有信号的电击时间比无信号的电击（0.5 秒）长 4 到 9 倍（4.5 秒）。强度的实验对象选择的有信号的电击强度比无信号的电击（1.0 mA）强 2 到 3 倍（2.0 mA）。
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