对由“不要”（以及对称的“要”）指令终止所维持的破坏性行为的功能分析与治疗。
Functional analysis and treatment of destructive behavior maintained by termination of "don't" (and symmetrical "do") requests.
作者信息
Fisher W W, Adelinis J D, Thompson R H, Worsdell A S, Zarcone J R
机构信息
Neurobehavioral Unit, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
出版信息
J Appl Behav Anal. 1998 Fall;31(3):339-56. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1998.31-339.
We used descriptive assessment information to generate hypotheses regarding the function of destructive behavior for 2 individuals who displayed near-zero rates of problem behavior during an experimental functional analysis using methods similar to Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982/1994). The descriptive data suggested that destructive behavior occurred primarily when caregivers issued requests to the participants that interfered with ongoing high-probability (and presumably highly preferred) behaviors (i.e., a "don't" or a symmetrical "do" request). Subsequent experimental analyses showed that destructive behavior was maintained by contingent termination of "don't" and symmetrical "do" requests but not by termination of topographically similar "do" requests. These results suggested that destructive behavior may have been maintained by positive reinforcement (i.e., termination of the "don't" request allowed the individual to return to a highly preferred activity). Finally, a treatment (functional communication training plus extinction) developed on the basis of these analyses reduced destructive behavior to near-zero levels.
我们使用描述性评估信息，针对两名在采用与Iwata、Dorsey、Slifer、Bauman和Richman（1982/1994）类似方法进行的实验性功能分析中问题行为发生率近乎为零的个体，生成了关于破坏性行为功能的假设。描述性数据表明，破坏性行为主要发生在照料者向参与者发出干扰正在进行的高概率（且大概是高度偏好的）行为的指令时（即“不要”或对称的“做”指令）。后续的实验分析表明，破坏性行为通过“不要”和对称“做”指令的偶然终止得以维持，但并非通过地形相似的“做”指令的终止。这些结果表明，破坏性行为可能是通过正强化得以维持的（即“不要”指令的终止使个体能够回归到高度偏好的活动）。最后，基于这些分析开发的一种治疗方法（功能性沟通训练加消退）将破坏性行为降低到了近乎为零的水平。
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