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克尔什科核电站的辐射防护性能指标。

Radiation protection performance indicators at the Nuclear Power Plant Krsko.

作者信息

Janzekovic Helena

机构信息

Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

出版信息

Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2006 Jun;57(2):185-8.

Abstract

Nuclear power plant safety performance indicators are developed "by nuclear operating organisations to monitor their own performance and progress, to set their own challenging goals for improvement, and to gain additional perspective on performance relative to that of other plants". In addition, performance indicators are widely used by regulatory authorities although the use is not harmonised. Two basic performance indicators related to good radiation protection practice are collective radiation exposure and volume of low-level radioactive waste. In 2000, Nuclear Power Plant Krsko, a Westinghouse pressurised water reactor with electrical output 700 MW, finished an extensive modernisation including the replacement of both steam generators. While the annual volume of low-level radioactive waste does not show a specific trend related to modernisation, the annual collective dose reached maximum, i.e. 2.60 man Sv, and dropped to 1.13 man Sv in 2001. During the replacement of the steam generators in 2000, the dose associated with this activity was 1.48 man Sv. The annual doses in 2002 and 2003 were 0.53 and 0.80 man Sv, respectively, nearing thus the goal set by the US Institute of Nuclear Power Operators, which is 0.65 man Sv. Therefore, inasmuch as collective dose as the radiation protection performance indicator are concerned, the modernisation of the Krsko nuclear power plant was a success.

摘要

核电站安全性能指标由核运营组织制定,用于“监测自身性能和进展情况,设定自身具有挑战性的改进目标,并从与其他核电站对比的角度获得更多性能方面的认识”。此外,监管机构也广泛使用性能指标,尽管其使用并不统一。与良好辐射防护实践相关的两个基本性能指标是集体辐射照射量和低放废物量。2000年,拥有700兆瓦电力输出的西屋压水反应堆克尔什科核电站完成了一次大规模现代化改造,包括更换两台蒸汽发生器。虽然低放废物的年产生量并未呈现出与现代化改造相关的特定趋势,但年集体剂量达到了最大值,即2.60人希沃特,2001年降至1.13人希沃特。2000年更换蒸汽发生器期间,该项活动产生的剂量为1.48人希沃特。2002年和2003年的年剂量分别为0.53人和0.80人希沃特,因此接近美国核电运营者协会设定的0.65人希沃特的目标。所以,就集体剂量这一辐射防护性能指标而言,克尔什科核电站的现代化改造是成功的。

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