Discher Dennis E, Ahmed Fariyal
Biophysical and Polymers Engineering Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2006;8:323-41. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095838.
Polymersomes are self-assembled polymer shells composed of block copolymer amphiphiles. These synthetic amphiphiles have amphiphilicity similar to lipids, but they have much larger molecular weights, so for this reason--along with others reviewed here--comparisons of polymersomes with viral capsids composed of large polypeptide chains are highly appropriate. We summarize the wide range of polymers used to make polymersomes along with descriptions of physical properties such as stability and permeability. We also elaborate on emerging studies of in vivo stealthiness, programmed disassembly for controlled release, targeting in vitro, and tumor-shrinkage in vivo. Comparisons of polymersomes with viral capsids are shown to encompass and inspire many aspects of current designs.
聚合物囊泡是由嵌段共聚物两亲物自组装形成的聚合物壳。这些合成两亲物具有与脂质相似的两亲性，但它们的分子量要大得多，因此——连同本文回顾的其他原因——将聚合物囊泡与由大多肽链组成的病毒衣壳进行比较是非常合适的。我们总结了用于制备聚合物囊泡的多种聚合物，并描述了其物理性质，如稳定性和渗透性。我们还详细阐述了有关体内隐身性、用于控释的程序性拆解、体外靶向以及体内肿瘤缩小的新兴研究。聚合物囊泡与病毒衣壳的比较表明，它们涵盖并启发了当前设计的许多方面。
