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聚合物及聚合物功能化药物递送载体：从分子结构与弹性到细胞摄取

Polymeric and Polymer-Functionalized Drug Delivery Vectors: From Molecular Architecture and Elasticity to Cellular Uptake.

作者信息

Auth Thorsten

机构信息

Theoretical Physics of Living Matter, Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.

出版信息

Polymers (Basel). 2025 Aug 19;17(16):2243. doi: 10.3390/polym17162243.

DOI:10.3390/polym17162243
PMID:40871191
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12390004/
Abstract

Polymers and polymer composites offer versatile possibilities for engineering the physico-chemical properties of materials on micro- and macroscopic scales. This review provides an overview of polymeric and polymer-decorated particles that can serve as drug-delivery vectors: linear polymers, star polymers, diblock-copolymer micelles, polymer-grafted nanoparticles, polymersomes, stealth liposomes, microgels, and biomolecular condensates. The physico-chemical interactions between the delivery vectors and biological cells range from chemical interactions on the molecular scale to deformation energies on the particle scale. The focus of this review is on the structure and elastic properties of these particles, as well as their circulation in blood and cellular uptake. Furthermore, the effects of polymer decoration in vivo (e.g., of glycosylated plasma membranes, cortical cytoskeletal networks, and naturally occurring condensates) on drug delivery are discussed.

摘要

聚合物和聚合物复合材料为在微观和宏观尺度上设计材料的物理化学性质提供了多种可能性。本综述概述了可作为药物递送载体的聚合物和聚合物修饰颗粒：线性聚合物、星形聚合物、二嵌段共聚物胶束、聚合物接枝纳米颗粒、聚合物囊泡、隐形脂质体、微凝胶和生物分子凝聚物。递送载体与生物细胞之间的物理化学相互作用范围从分子尺度上的化学相互作用到颗粒尺度上的变形能。本综述的重点是这些颗粒的结构和弹性性质，以及它们在血液中的循环和细胞摄取。此外，还讨论了体内聚合物修饰（如糖基化质膜、皮质细胞骨架网络和天然存在的凝聚物）对药物递送的影响。

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