Gibbs Shawn G, Green Christopher F, Tarwater Patrick M, Mota Linda C, Mena Kristina D, Scarpino Pasquale V
University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, El Paso, Texas, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jul;114(7):1032-7. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8910.
In this study we evaluated the levels of antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant bacteria in bioaerosols upwind, within, and downwind at locations 25 m, 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m from a swine confined animal feeding operation.
We used Andersen two-stage samplers to collect bacterial samples, the replicate plate method to isolate organisms, and the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method to determine antibiotic resistance.
The percentage of organisms resistant to at least two antibiotic classes and all four classes evaluated were, respectively, 2.1 and 3.0 times higher inside (n = 69) than upwind (n = 59) of the facility. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism recovered. Concentrations of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus decreased with increasing distance from the facility. Using Fisher's exact methods, the change in distribution of antibiotic resistance profiles for each antibiotic was statistically significant (oxytetracycline, p = 0.010; tetracycline, p = 0.014; ampicillin, p = 0.007; erythromycin, p = 0.035); however, this relationship was not seen with lincomycin and penicillin (p > 0.05) . In addition, the levels of antibiotic-resistant S.aureus 25 m downwind were significantly greater than the levels from samples taken upwind from the facility for the same four antibiotics (p < 0.05) . The percentage of resistant group A streptococci and fecal coliform increased within the facility compared with upwind values for all antibiotics evaluated,except for lincomycin. The percentage of resistant total coliform organisms increased within the facility compared with upwind values for oxytetracycline and tetracycline.
Bacterial concentrations with multiple antibiotic resistances or multidrug resistance were recovered inside and outside to (at least) 150 m downwind of this facility at higher percentages than upwind. Bacterial concentrations with multiple antibiotic resistances were found within and downwind of the facility even after subtherapeutic antibiotics were discontinued. This could pose a potential human health effect for those who work within or live in close proximity to these facilities.
在本研究中，我们评估了距猪舍圈养动物饲养场25米、50米、100米和150米处的生物气溶胶中抗生素耐药菌和多重耐药菌的水平，这些位置分别处于上风、场内和下风区域。
我们使用安德森两级采样器收集细菌样本，采用重复平板法分离微生物，并使用 Kirby-Bauer 纸片扩散法测定抗生素耐药性。
对至少两类抗生素以及所有四类评估抗生素耐药的微生物百分比，在场内（n = 69）分别比设施上风区域（n = 59）高2.1倍和3.0倍。金黄色葡萄球菌是分离出的最常见微生物。耐抗生素金黄色葡萄球菌的浓度随与设施距离的增加而降低。使用 Fisher 精确检验方法，每种抗生素的耐药谱分布变化具有统计学意义（土霉素，p = 0.010；四环素，p = 0.014；氨苄青霉素，p = 0.007；红霉素，p = 0.035）；然而，林可霉素和青霉素未观察到这种关系（p > 0.05）。此外，对于相同的四种抗生素，下风25米处耐抗生素金黄色葡萄球菌的水平显著高于设施上风处采集样本的水平（p < 0.05）。与设施上风处的值相比，场内评估的所有抗生素（林可霉素除外）的A组链球菌耐药百分比和粪大肠菌群耐药百分比均有所增加。与设施上风处的值相比，场内土霉素和四环素的总大肠菌群耐药百分比有所增加。
该设施内外直至（至少）下风150米处，具有多重抗生素耐药性或多重耐药性的细菌浓度高于上风区域。即使停用亚治疗剂量的抗生素后，在设施内及下风区域仍发现具有多重抗生素耐药性的细菌浓度。这可能对在这些设施内工作或居住在附近的人构成潜在的健康影响。
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