Barkai Hava-Shoshana, Nichols Jeanne F, Rauh Mitchell J, Barrack Michelle T, Lawson Mandra J, Levy Susan S
Department of Exercise & Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-7251, USA.
J Sci Med Sport. 2007 Jun;10(3):170-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.018. Epub 2006 Jul 17.
Weight-bearing exercise during adolescence may enhance peak bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce osteoporosis risk. The association of sports participation before and after menarche with areal BMD (by central DXA) was investigated in 99 female high school athletes (age 15.5+/-1.3 year). The frequency and duration of structured sports (school-based or other organized team) were assessed using an interviewer-assisted questionnaire. Overall, the average number of years of weight-bearing sport participation was 7.4+/-3.4 years; 72% of the athletes began sport participation before menarche. Training patterns and BMD were examined by tertiles of yearly weight-bearing sport participation (hours/year) before (WBpre), after (WBpost) menarche, and in total (WBtotal). After adjusting for chronological age, gynecological age, and BMI, compared to athletes in the WBtotal low tertile, athletes in the WBtotal high tertile had significantly greater BMD at the spine (p=0.009), total hip (p=0.03), trochanter (p=0.03), and total body (p=0.009). Similar patterns were found by WBpre or WBpost status, separately, with the exception of spine BMD which was significantly different across tertiles in WBpost only (p<0.01). While the number of years of participation was similar across tertiles of WBtotal, the number of months/year was significantly greater among athletes in the high tertile than athletes in the low tertile (9.2+/-3.4 month/year versus 5.0+/-2.9 month/year, respectively (p<0.001)). These results indicate that near year-round participation in structured weight-bearing sports during early adolescence may help young girls optimize bone mineral accrual during these critical years, and may decrease their risk of osteoporosis with advancing age.
青春期进行负重锻炼可能会提高峰值骨矿物质密度（BMD）并降低骨质疏松症风险。对99名高中女运动员（年龄15.5±1.3岁）月经初潮前后的运动参与情况与面积骨密度（通过中央双能X线吸收法测量）之间的关联进行了调查。使用访谈辅助问卷评估了有组织运动（校内或其他有组织的团队运动）的频率和持续时间。总体而言，负重运动参与的平均年数为7.4±3.4年；72%的运动员在月经初潮前开始参与运动。根据月经初潮前（WBpre）、月经初潮后（WBpost）以及总的（WBtotal）每年负重运动参与时间（小时/年）的三分位数来检查训练模式和骨密度。在调整了实际年龄、妇科年龄和体重指数后，与WBtotal低三分位数的运动员相比，WBtotal高三分位数的运动员在脊柱（p = 0.009）、全髋（p = 0.03）、大转子（p = 0.03）和全身（p = 0.009）的骨密度显著更高。单独按WBpre或WBpost状态也发现了类似模式，但脊柱骨密度除外，仅在WBpost的三分位数之间存在显著差异（p < 0.01）。虽然WBtotal各三分位数的参与年数相似，但高三分位数的运动员每年的月数显著多于低三分位数的运动员（分别为9.2±3.4个月/年和5.0±2.9个月/年，p < 0.001）。这些结果表明，青春期早期近乎全年参与有组织的负重运动可能有助于年轻女孩在这些关键时期优化骨矿物质积累，并可能降低其随着年龄增长患骨质疏松症的风险。
