同伴关系的质量如何影响大学生饮酒行为。
How the quality of peer relationships influences college alcohol use.
作者信息
Borsari Brian, Carey Kate B
机构信息
The Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2006 Jul;25(4):361-70. doi: 10.1080/09595230600741339.
Peer relationships are consistently linked to alcohol use in college students. However, this disparate literature often reveals contradictory findings regarding the precise mechanisms of peer influence. In this review, we use an organisational framework based on social learning theory (SLT) to demonstrate how the quality of peer relationships may influence personal alcohol use. We propose that the quality of peer relationships enhance the influence of social reinforcement, modelling and cognitive processes on personal alcohol use. Research indicates that the quality of peer relationships influences drinking via three pathways: the lack or breakdown of quality peer relationships, alcohol use being an integral part of peer interactions, and if peers disapprove of alcohol use or do not drink. This conceptualisation of peer influence informs the consistent finding of gender differences in college student drinking. Limitations of the reviewed research include reliance on cross-sectional surveys, self-report and homogeneous populations. Future directions for research on quality peer relationships involve detailed longitudinal assessment and the application of advanced statistical methods.
同伴关系一直与大学生饮酒行为相关联。然而，这些不同的文献往往在同伴影响的确切机制方面呈现出相互矛盾的研究结果。在本综述中，我们运用基于社会学习理论（SLT）的组织框架，来阐述同伴关系的质量如何可能影响个人饮酒行为。我们提出，同伴关系的质量会增强社会强化、榜样作用和认知过程对个人饮酒行为的影响。研究表明，同伴关系的质量通过三条途径影响饮酒行为：高质量同伴关系的缺乏或破裂、饮酒是同伴互动的一个组成部分，以及同伴是否不赞成饮酒或不饮酒。这种对同伴影响的概念化解释了大学生饮酒中性别差异这一一致的研究发现。所综述研究的局限性包括依赖横断面调查、自我报告以及同质化人群。关于高质量同伴关系的未来研究方向包括详细的纵向评估以及先进统计方法的应用。
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